Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'pheromone'

English Word: pheromone

Key Russian Translations:

• феромоны [fʲɪrɐˈmonɨ] - [Formal, Scientific, Plural]

Frequency: Low (This term is primarily used in scientific, academic, or technical contexts and is not common in everyday conversation.)

Difficulty: Advanced (C1) (Requires familiarity with biological terminology; suitable for intermediate to advanced learners with a background in science.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

феромоны: [fʲɪrɐˈmonɨ]

Note on феромоны: The stress falls on the third syllable ("mo-"), which is a common challenge for English speakers due to the palatalized 'f' sound (фʲ). Pronunciation may vary slightly in rapid speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: A chemical substance produced and released by an animal, especially an insect or mammal, that affects the behavior or physiology of others of its species.

Translation(s) & Context:

• феромоны - Used in scientific discussions about animal communication, biology, and chemistry; appropriate in formal, academic, or research contexts.

Usage Examples:

• Животные используют феромоны для привлечения партнеров во время брачного сезона.

  Animals use pheromones to attract mates during the mating season.

• В насекомых феромоны играют ключевую роль в организации социальных структур, таких как муравейники.

  In insects, pheromones play a key role in organizing social structures, such as ant colonies.

• Учёные изучают, как феромоны влияют на поведение людей в повседневной жизни.

  Scientists study how pheromones influence human behavior in everyday life.

• Феромоны могут использоваться в сельском хозяйстве для контроля вредителей без химических пестицидов.

  Pheromones can be used in agriculture to control pests without chemical pesticides.

• В экспериментах с феромонами исследователи наблюдают за реакцией животных на синтетические аналоги.

  In experiments with pheromones, researchers observe animal reactions to synthetic analogs.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Феромоны" is a masculine plural noun borrowed from English/Greek roots. It follows the standard patterns of Russian third-declension nouns but is often treated as indeclinable in modern usage due to its foreign origin. However, when declined, it adheres to the following rules:

Note: In scientific texts, it is often left undeclined for simplicity, especially in plural form.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • аттрактанты (attractants) - Specifically for substances that attract, with a focus on behavioral responses.
  • сигнальные вещества (signaling substances) - A broader term for chemical signals in biology.
• Antonyms:
  • репелленты (repellents) - Substances that deter or repel, contrasting with the attractive nature of pheromones.

Related Phrases:

• Феромонные ловушки - Pheromone traps; used in pest control to lure and capture insects.
• Сигналы феромонов - Pheromone signals; refers to the communication method in animal behavior.
• Синтетические феромоны - Synthetic pheromones; artificial versions used in research or applications.

Usage Notes:

"Феромоны" is a direct loanword from English/Greek, primarily used in scientific and technical contexts. It corresponds closely to the English "pheromones" but is almost always plural in Russian. Be mindful of its formal register; avoid using it in casual conversation. When selecting translations, choose "феромоны" for general biological discussions, but consider context-specific synonyms like "аттрактанты" for attraction-focused topics. Grammatically, ensure proper declension in sentences, e.g., "изучение феромонов" (study of pheromones).

Common Errors:

• Error: Mispronouncing as [fe-ruh-MOH-ny] instead of [fʲɪrɐˈmonɨ], ignoring the palatalized 'ф' and stress.

  Correct: [fʲɪrɐˈmonɨ] – Practice with native audio to master the soft consonant.

• Error: Using in singular form incorrectly, e.g., saying "феромон" when plural is expected.

  Correct: Stick to "феромоны" in most contexts; example: Incorrect: "Этот феромон работает." Correct: "Эти феромоны работают."

• Error: Confusing with "гормоны" (hormones), which are internal regulators, not external signals.

  Correct: Differentiate by context; pheromones are for inter-organism communication.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian scientific literature, "феромоны" reflects the influence of Western biology, particularly from the mid-20th century. While not deeply tied to Russian cultural traditions, the concept is prominent in environmental and agricultural discussions, emphasizing Russia's focus on natural sciences and ecology. For instance, pheromone-based pest control aligns with sustainable practices promoted in Russian agriculture.

Related Concepts:

• гормоны (hormones)
• сигнальные молекулы (signaling molecules)
• аттрактанты (attractants)