Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'profuse'

English Word: profuse

Key Russian Translations:

• обильный [ɐˈbʲilʲnɨj] - [Formal, used for describing abundance in quantity]
• изобильный [ɪzɐˈbʲilʲnɨj] - [Formal, less common, implying richness or excess]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in literary, scientific, and everyday contexts, but not as frequent as basic adjectives)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of Russian adjective declensions, suitable for learners with basic grammar knowledge)

Pronunciation (Russian):

обильный: [ɐˈbʲilʲnɨj]

Note on обильный: The stress falls on the second syllable ("bʲilʲ"), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the palatalized 'bʲ' sound. Pronounce it with a soft, almost 'by' sound.

Audio: []

изобильный: [ɪzɐˈbʲilʲnɨj]

Note on изобилный: Similar stress pattern to обильный, but the initial 'ɪz' sound is like the 's' in "measure." It's a variant with a more emphatic connotation.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Abundant or plentiful (referring to a large quantity or profusion)

Translation(s) & Context:

• обильный - Used in formal or descriptive contexts, such as describing natural phenomena or resources.
• изобильный - Applied in contexts emphasizing richness, like in literature or historical texts.

Usage Examples:

• В саду росли обильные цветы, привлекающие пчёл со всех окрестностей.

  In the garden, profuse flowers grew, attracting bees from all around. (This example shows the adjective in a descriptive, natural context.)

• Её речь была изобилной метафорами, что сделало презентацию более увлекательной.

  Her speech was profuse with metaphors, making the presentation more engaging. (Illustrates use in an abstract, intellectual setting.)

• Обильный дождь в июне привёл к высокому урожаю фруктов.

  The profuse rain in June led to a high yield of fruits. (Demonstrates application in weather or agricultural contexts.)

• Изобильный ужин на празднике включал множество блюд из русской кухни.

  The profuse dinner at the celebration included a multitude of dishes from Russian cuisine. (Shows cultural or festive usage.)

• Обильный снегопад в Сибири часто приводит к задержкам транспорта.

  Profuse snowfall in Siberia often causes transportation delays. (Highlights environmental or regional contexts.)

Meaning 2: Excessive or lavish (implying overabundance, sometimes negatively)

Translation(s) & Context:

• обильный - In negative contexts, like excessive spending or waste.
• изобильный - Less common here, but can imply opulence in historical or poetic language.

Usage Examples:

• Его обильные траты на развлечения привели к финансовым проблемам.

  His profuse spending on entertainment led to financial problems. (Example of negative connotation in personal finance.)

• Изобильный декор в зале создавал ощущение роскоши, но казался излишним.

  The profuse decor in the hall created a sense of luxury but seemed excessive. (Shows aesthetic or decorative use.)

• Обильный поток информации в интернете может запутать неподготовленного пользователя.

  The profuse stream of information on the internet can confuse an unprepared user. (Illustrates modern, digital contexts.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "обильный" and "изобильный" are adjectives, which in Russian undergo declension based on gender, number, and case. They follow the standard first-declension pattern for adjectives, with no irregularities.

For "изобильный," the forms are identical in pattern: изобильный (masc. sg.), изобильная (fem. sg.), etc. These adjectives do not change in short form but can be used predicatively.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: изобилующий (implying overflowing abundance), богатый (wealthy or rich, with a connotation of value)
• Antonyms: скудный (scarce, implying lack), редкий (rare, for infrequency)

Note: "Изобилующий" is often used for dynamic or ongoing abundance, while "богатый" emphasizes material wealth.

Related Phrases:

• обильный урожай - Abundant harvest (Used in agricultural contexts to describe a bountiful yield.)
• изобильный стол - Profuse table (Refers to a lavishly set table during feasts or celebrations.)
• обильный поток - Profuse flow (Common in descriptions of rivers, data, or information overload.)

Usage Notes:

"Обильный" directly corresponds to "profuse" in contexts of quantity or excess, making it a precise match for English users. It is typically formal and avoids slang, so use it in written or professional settings rather than casual conversation. For "изобильный," choose it when emphasizing richness or historical nuance, as it's less everyday. Grammatically, always decline it according to the noun it modifies, and be cautious with gender agreements. If the context is negative (e.g., excessive), pair it with words like "излишний" for clarity.

Common Errors:

• Error: Failing to decline the adjective correctly, e.g., using "обильный" in all cases instead of "обильного" in genitive. Correct: In a sentence like "без обильного дождя" (without profuse rain), it should be "обильного" to match the genitive case. Explanation: Russian adjectives must agree in case, number, and gender, which English speakers often overlook.

• Error: Confusing "обильный" with "богатый," assuming they mean the same. Correct: Use "обильный" for quantity (e.g., "обильный снег" for profuse snow) rather than "богатый" (which implies wealth). Explanation: This mix-up can lead to imprecise meanings in descriptive writing.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like "обильный" often evoke themes of nature's generosity, as seen in folk tales and literature (e.g., in works by Pushkin, describing bountiful harvests). It reflects Russia's vast landscapes and historical emphasis on agricultural abundance, symbolizing prosperity and resilience against harsh winters.

Related Concepts:

• урожай (harvest)
• богатство (wealth)
• избыток (surplus)