Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'patina'

English Word: patina

Key Russian Translations:

• патина [ˈpatʲɪnə] - [Formal, Used in art, archaeology, or historical contexts]

Frequency: Low (Primarily used in specialized fields like art and history; not common in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: Intermediate (B2) - Involves borrowing from English and requires familiarity with Russian noun declensions and formal vocabulary

Pronunciation (Russian):

патина: [ˈpatʲɪnə]

Note on патина: The stress is on the first syllable. The 'т' is palatalized before 'и', which is a common feature in Russian that English speakers may find challenging.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: A greenish or bluish layer that forms on the surface of bronze, copper, or other metals due to oxidation, often valued in art for its aesthetic appeal.

Translation(s) & Context:

• патина - Typically used in formal or professional contexts, such as describing historical artifacts or antique items.

Usage Examples:

• Русская бронзовая статуя покрыта патиною от долгого воздействия атмосферы.

  English translation: The Russian bronze statue is covered with a patina from long exposure to the atmosphere.

• Художники часто ценят патина на старинных монетах за её уникальный оттенок.

  English translation: Artists often value the patina on ancient coins for its unique shade.

• Патина времени придаёт мебели антикварный шарм.

  English translation: The patina of time gives furniture an antique charm.

• В музее экспонаты с патина демонстрируют историю через естественный износ.

  English translation: In the museum, exhibits with patina demonstrate history through natural wear.

• Реставраторы осторожно очищают патина, чтобы сохранить оригинальную текстуру металла.

  English translation: Restorers carefully clean the patina to preserve the original texture of the metal.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

патина is a feminine noun (from the first declension in Russian). It follows standard Russian noun declension patterns, with changes based on case, number, and gender. As a singular noun, it does not have plural forms in most contexts, but it can be inflected for grammatical cases.

Note: This word is invariant in number for most uses, as it refers to a surface layer. Irregularities are minimal, but always check context for proper case usage.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: налёт (nalyot) - A general surface deposit, often less specific to oxidation; оксид (oksid) - Refers to oxide layers, used in scientific contexts
• Antonyms: чистота (chistota) - Cleanliness or purity, implying the absence of any layer

Related Phrases:

• патина времени - A phrase meaning "patina of time," used to describe the effects of aging on objects; refers to the natural aging process that adds character.
• покрытие патина - Meaning "patina coating," often in restoration contexts; implies an intentional or natural protective layer.

Usage Notes:

патина directly corresponds to the English "patina" as a borrowed term, primarily in formal or technical discussions about art and antiques. It is not used in casual conversation, so limit its application to professional contexts. When choosing between translations, opt for патина in historical or aesthetic settings, but consider налёт for more general surface deposits. Grammatically, ensure correct declension based on sentence structure, as Russian requires case agreement.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing патина with налёт and using it interchangeably. Incorrect: "Металл имеет налёт от времени" (when patina is intended). Correct: "Металл имеет патина от времени." Explanation: патина specifically denotes an oxidized, aesthetic layer, while налёт is broader and can mean any deposit, leading to imprecision.
• Error: Forgetting to decline the noun in sentences. Incorrect: "Я вижу патина на статуе" (missing accusative case). Correct: "Я вижу патину на статуе." Explanation: Russian nouns must agree in case, so always adjust based on the verb or preposition.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, патина often symbolizes the passage of time and historical value, as seen in museums and literature. For instance, in Russian art criticism, it represents the beauty of aging, akin to the patina on iconic statues in the Hermitage Museum, reflecting Russia's deep appreciation for antiquity and heritage.

Related Concepts:

• антиквариат (antikvariat)
• окисление (okislenie)
• старинный (starinnyi)