Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'organism'

English Word: organism

Key Russian Translations:

• организм [ɐrɡɐˈnʲizm] - [Formal, Scientific]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in scientific, biological, and educational contexts, but less frequent in everyday conversation).

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of basic Russian noun declensions and scientific vocabulary; suitable for learners with some intermediate proficiency).

Pronunciation (Russian):

организм: [ɐrɡɐˈnʲizm]

Note on организм: The stress falls on the second syllable ('nʲizm'). Be mindful of the soft 'н' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers due to its palatalization. Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Biological entity or living organism

Translation(s) & Context:

• организм - Used in formal scientific or educational contexts to refer to a living being or biological system, such as in biology textbooks or medical discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Этот организм адаптируется к изменениям окружающей среды.

  This organism adapts to changes in the environment.

• В лаборатории изучают микроорганизмы, такие как бактерии и вирусы.

  In the laboratory, they study microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses.

• Человеческий организм состоит из множества клеток и органов.

  The human organism consists of numerous cells and organs.

• Организм животного реагирует на стрессовые ситуации.

  The animal's organism responds to stressful situations.

• Ученые анализируют, как организм растений поглощает питательные вещества.

  Scientists analyze how plant organisms absorb nutrients.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Организм" is a masculine noun (3rd declension) in Russian, which means it undergoes regular declension based on case and number. It is invariant in plural form for most uses but changes in singular cases.

Note: The plural forms are used when referring to multiple organisms, and declensions follow standard patterns with no irregularities.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • существо (sushchestvo) - More general, often used for living beings; subtle difference in implying consciousness.
  • биоорганизм (bioorganizam) - Used in technical contexts, emphasizing biological aspects.
• Antonyms:
  • неорганизм (neorganizam) - Refers to non-living or inorganic matter.
  • механизм (mekhanizm) - Implies a mechanical system, contrasting with biological entities.

Related Phrases:

• Живой организм (Zhivoy organizm) - Living organism; used in biological discussions to specify vitality.
• Микроорганизм в организме (Mikroorganizam v organizme) - Microorganism in the organism; common in medical contexts for describing infections.
• Эволюция организма (Evolyutsiya organizma) - Evolution of the organism; a phrase from evolutionary biology.

Usage Notes:

"Организм" directly corresponds to the English "organism" in scientific and biological contexts, but it is more formal in Russian and rarely used in casual conversation. English learners should note that Russian nouns like this one must agree in case, number, and gender with other words in the sentence. For instance, choose this term over synonyms like "существо" when discussing anatomy or ecology. If the context involves human biology, it's often paired with adjectives for precision, e.g., "человеческий организм."

• Always decline the noun based on its role in the sentence to avoid grammatical errors.
• When multiple translations exist, select "организм" for technical accuracy over more poetic options.

Common Errors:

English learners often mistake the declension of "организм," such as using the nominative form in all cases. For example:

• Incorrect: "Я думаю о организм" (Wrong declension; should be genitive for "about").
• Correct: "Я думаю об организме" (Proper genitive form).

Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, so always check the preposition or verb governing the noun.

• Another error: Confusing it with "организация" (organization), which sounds similar but means a group or structure.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and education, "организм" is frequently used in scientific literature influenced by Soviet-era biology, emphasizing holistic views of living systems. It reflects a broader philosophical approach in Russian science, where the interconnectedness of body and environment is often highlighted, as seen in works by biologists like Ivan Pavlov.

Related Concepts:

• клетка (kletka) - Cell
• система (sistema) - System
• эволюция (evolyutsiya) - Evolution