Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'obviate'

English Word: obviate

Key Russian Translations:

• Исключить /ɪsklʲʊˈʧʲitʲ/ - [Formal, used in contexts involving elimination or avoidance]
• Предотвратить /prʲɪdɐˈvrʲatʲitʲ/ - [Formal, often in preventive or precautionary scenarios]

Frequency: Medium (These verbs are commonly used in written and formal Russian, but not as everyday as basic vocabulary like "идти").

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of verb conjugations and perfective aspects, which may vary slightly between translations).

Pronunciation (Russian):

Исключить: /ɪsklʲʊˈʧʲitʲ/

Note on Исключить: The stress falls on the third syllable; be mindful of the palatalized 'л' sound, which can be challenging for beginners.

Предотвратить: /prʲɪdɐˈvrʲatʲitʲ/

Note on Предотвратить: This word has a soft 'р' and a stressed 'а'; pronunciation may vary slightly in rapid speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Main meaning: To remove or avoid the need for something by taking action in advance.

Translation(s) & Context:

• Исключить - Used in formal contexts like legal or technical discussions to mean eliminating a necessity, e.g., in planning.
• Предотвратить - Applied in scenarios involving prevention, such as safety measures or risk management.

Usage Examples:

• Чтобы исключить любые проблемы, мы проверили оборудование заранее. (To obviate any issues, we checked the equipment in advance.)

  English Translation: To obviate any issues, we checked the equipment in advance.

• Эта мера поможет предотвратить необходимость повторной проверки. (This measure will obviate the need for a repeat inspection.)

  English Translation: This measure will obviate the need for a repeat inspection.

• С помощью новых технологий мы можем исключить ошибки в расчетах. (With new technologies, we can obviate errors in calculations.)

  English Translation: With new technologies, we can obviate errors in calculations.

• Предотвратить аварию – это значит исключить риски заранее. (To obviate an accident means to prevent risks in advance.)

  English Translation: To obviate an accident means to prevent risks in advance.

• В контракте указано, как исключить споры между сторонами. (The contract specifies how to obviate disputes between the parties.)

  English Translation: The contract specifies how to obviate disputes between the parties.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "Исключить" and "Предотвратить" are perfective verbs in Russian, which means they indicate completed actions. Russian verbs undergo conjugation based on tense, aspect, person, and number. These verbs follow regular patterns but have specific inflections.

For Исключить (to exclude/obviate):

For Предотвратить (to prevent/obviate), the inflections are similar:

These verbs do not have irregular forms but must agree with the subject in person and number.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Отменить (otmenit') - More about canceling, with a nuance of revocation.
  • Избежать (izbezhat') - Focuses on avoiding entirely, often in personal contexts.
• Antonyms:
  • Вызвать (vyzvat') - To cause or provoke.
  • Спровоцировать (sprovotsirovat') - To incite or trigger.

Related Phrases:

• Исключить возможность - (To obviate the possibility; used in risk assessment contexts.)
• Предотвратить беду - (To obviate disaster; common in safety or emergency discussions.)
• Исключить риски заранее - (To obviate risks in advance; emphasizes proactive measures.)

Usage Notes:

"Исключить" and "Предотвратить" both correspond closely to "obviate" but differ in nuance: use "Исключить" for eliminating needs in formal or technical settings, and "Предотвратить" for preventive actions. They are typically formal and appear in written Russian or professional speech. Grammatically, ensure the verb agrees with the subject and is conjugated correctly for aspect (e.g., perfective for completed actions). When choosing between translations, opt for "Исключить" if the focus is on removal, and "Предотвратить" if on prevention.

Common Errors:

• Confusing "Исключить" with "Исключать" (the imperfective form), which implies ongoing action rather than completion. Error: "Я исключаю проблему сейчас" (implies you're currently excluding it, not obviating it permanently). Correct: "Я исключу проблему заранее" (I will obviate the problem in advance).
• Using "Предотвратить" interchangeably with "Предупредить" (to warn), which doesn't fully capture "obviate." Error: "Мы предупредили аварию" (incorrect, as it means "we warned about the accident"). Correct: "Мы предотвратили аварию" (we obviated the accident by preventing it).

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like "Предотвратить" often appear in contexts related to safety and preparedness, reflecting a historical emphasis on collective risk management in Soviet-era planning. This can add a layer of connotation in modern usage, implying not just personal avoidance but societal prevention.

Related Concepts:

• Минимизировать (minimizirovat') - To minimize.
• Избегать (izbegat') - To avoid.
• Предупредить (predupredit') - To warn or forewarn.