Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'noisome'

English Word: noisome

Key Russian Translations:

• зловонный [zlɐˈvonːɨj] - [Formal, used for describing foul odors]
• вредный [ˈvrʲednɨj] - [Informal, used for something harmful or noxious]
• неприятный [nʲɪˈprʲiətnɨj] - [Neutral, general unpleasantness]

Frequency: Medium - This word and its translations are encountered in everyday language, especially in descriptive or environmental contexts, but not as commonly as basic adjectives.

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) - Learners at this level should grasp the basic usage, though understanding nuances in formal contexts may require additional practice.

Pronunciation (Russian):

зловонный: [zlɐˈvonːɨj]

вредный: [ˈvrʲednɨj]

неприятный: [nʲɪˈprʲiətnɨj]

Note on зловонный: The stress is on the third syllable; be careful with the "зл" cluster, which can be tricky for English speakers due to the soft "л".

Note on вредный: Pronunciation varies slightly in fast speech; the "в" is often softened.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Foul-smelling or having a bad odor

Translation(s) & Context:

• зловонный - Used in formal or literary contexts to describe something with a repulsive smell, such as garbage or chemicals.

Usage Examples:

• В комнате стоял зловонный запах от испорченных продуктов.

  In the room, there was a noisome smell from the spoiled food.

• Зловонный туман окутал город, делая воздух нестерпимым.

  The noisome fog enveloped the city, making the air unbearable.

• Его одежда была пропитана зловонным ароматом табака.

  His clothes were soaked with a noisome aroma of tobacco.

Meaning 2: Harmful, noxious, or unpleasant in a general sense

Translation(s) & Context:

• вредный - Used informally to describe something that is damaging to health or well-being, like pollution or habits.
• неприятный - Applied in neutral contexts for anything mildly offensive or disagreeable.

Usage Examples:

• Курение - это вредный обычай, который влияет на здоровье.

  Smoking is a noisome habit that affects health.

• Вредный газ в атмосфере делает воздух опасным для дыхания.

  The noisome gas in the atmosphere makes the air dangerous to breathe.

• Неприятный сосед постоянно жалуется на мелкие проблемы.

  The noisome neighbor is always complaining about minor issues.

• Вредный эффект от химикатов был заметен в окружающей среде.

  The noisome effect of chemicals was evident in the environment.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

These translations are adjectives, which in Russian typically inflect based on gender, number, and case. They follow standard adjective declension patterns.

Note: These adjectives are regular and follow the standard pattern. No irregular forms exist for these words.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • отвратительный (atrocious, often for strong repulsion)
  • тошнотворный (nauseating, specifically for smells)
  • ядовитый (poisonous, emphasizing harm)
• Antonyms:
  • приятный (pleasant)
  • полезный (beneficial)
  • свежий (fresh, for odors)

Synonyms like отвратительный may carry a stronger emotional connotation, making them suitable for informal or emphatic speech.

Related Phrases:

• зловонный запах - A noisome smell; used to describe bad odors in everyday contexts.
• вредный для здоровья - Noisome to health; common in health and environmental discussions.
• неприятный сюрприз - A noisome surprise; refers to an unwelcome event.

Usage Notes:

"Noisome" often corresponds to "зловонный" when emphasizing odors, but "вредный" is better for broader harm. In Russian, these adjectives must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify, which is a key grammatical difference from English. Choose "зловонный" for formal writing, like scientific reports, and "вредный" for casual conversations. Be aware of context: in environmental topics, these words are frequently paired with nouns like "воздух" (air) or "газа" (gases).

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "зловонный" interchangeably with "вредный" without considering context. For example, saying "зловонный привычка" instead of "вредная привычка" for a harmful habit.

  Correct: "Вредная привычка" (harmful habit). Explanation: "Зловонный" implies a smell, so it's incorrect here; this misuse can confuse the intended meaning.

• Error: Forgetting adjective agreement, e.g., saying "зловонный дом" for a feminine noun like "комната" (room), resulting in "зловонный комната" instead of "зловонная комната".

  Correct: "Зловонная комната". Explanation: Russian adjectives must match the noun's gender, so always check the noun's form first.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like "зловонный" are often used in literature and proverbs to evoke sensory experiences, such as in descriptions of rural or industrial settings. For instance, it might reference the harsh realities of life in polluted cities, reflecting historical themes of environmental neglect in Soviet-era narratives.

Related Concepts:

• ядовитый
• гнилой
• токсичный