Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'neonate'

English Word: neonate

Key Russian Translations:

• новорожденный /nɐvɐˈroʒdɛnːɨj/ - [Formal, Medical context]

Frequency: Medium (Common in specialized fields like medicine and biology, but less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate, as it involves technical vocabulary; learners need familiarity with Russian adjectives and medical terms)

Pronunciation (Russian):

новорожденный: /nɐvɐˈroʒdɛnːɨj/

Note on новорожденный: The stress is on the fourth syllable ("roʒdɛnːɨj"), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the soft consonants and vowel reductions in Russian. Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: A newborn infant, typically referring to a baby in the first few weeks of life, especially in medical or biological contexts.

Translation(s) & Context:

• новорожденный - Used in formal, medical, or scientific settings to describe a recently born child; often as an adjective modifying nouns like "ребенок" (child).

Usage Examples:

• В роддоме врачи тщательно осматривают каждого новорожденного.

  In the maternity hospital, doctors carefully examine each neonate.

• Новорожденные дети нуждаются в особом уходе в первые дни жизни.

  Neonates require special care in the first days of life.

• Исследования показывают, что новорожденные быстро адаптируются к новому окружению.

  Studies show that neonates quickly adapt to their new environment.

• В педиатрии новорожденных часто проверяют на генетические заболевания.

  In pediatrics, neonates are often screened for genetic diseases.

• Родители новорожденного должны следить за его весом и развитием.

  Parents of a neonate should monitor its weight and development.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Новорожденный" is an adjective in Russian, which inflects based on gender, number, and case. It follows the standard pattern for adjectives ending in -ый/-ой. Below is a table of its key inflections:

Note: This adjective does not have irregular forms, making it relatively straightforward for learners once basic adjective declension is understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • младенец (mladenets) - More general term for an infant, often used in everyday contexts; less formal than новорожденный.
  • первенец (pervenets) - Specifically for a first-born child, with a connotation of novelty or special status.
• Antonyms:
  • взрослый (vzoslyy) - Adult, contrasting with the youth or newness of a neonate.
  • старец (starets) - Elderly person, emphasizing the opposite end of the age spectrum.

Related Phrases:

• новорожденный ребенок - Newborn child; used in medical or parental contexts to refer to a neonate in a family setting. (This phrase emphasizes the infant's status immediately after birth.)
• уход за новорожденным - Care for a neonate; common in discussions about parenting and health.
• новорожденные в больнице - Neonates in the hospital; refers to infants under medical observation.

Usage Notes:

"Новорожденный" directly corresponds to "neonate" in English, particularly in medical and scientific contexts, where precision is key. It is a formal term and should be used in professional settings rather than casual conversation. For example, in Russian, adjectives like this must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify, so always check the context (e.g., use "новорожденная" for a female infant). If multiple translations exist, choose "новорожденный" for technical accuracy over more general synonyms like "младенец," which might imply a broader age range.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "рождённый" (rozhennyy) instead of "новорожденный," thinking it means the same thing. Correct usage: "Рождённый" simply means "born," without the implication of being newly born. Example of error: *Рождённый ребёнок в больнице* (incorrect for neonate). Correct: Новорожденный ребёнок в больнице. Explanation: "Новорожденный" specifies the immediate post-birth period, while "рождённый" is more general and could refer to any born child.

• Error: Failing to decline the adjective properly, e.g., using "новорожденный" in all cases. Correct: In genitive case, it should be "новорожденного." Example of error: *Уход за новорожденный* (incorrect). Correct: Уход за новорожденным. Explanation: Russian adjectives must match the noun's case, so learners should practice declension tables.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, the term "новорожденный" is often associated with the joy and traditions surrounding childbirth. For instance, newborns are traditionally celebrated with family gatherings and gifts, and in medical contexts, there is a strong emphasis on early health checks due to historical healthcare practices in Russia. This reflects a cultural value on family and child welfare, which can add emotional depth to the word beyond its literal medical meaning.

Related Concepts:

• ребенок (rebenok) - Child
• роды (rody) - Birth
• педиатрия (pediatriya) - Pediatrics