Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'naturalise'

English Word: naturalise

Key Russian Translations:

• натурализовать [nə.tʊ.rə.lʲɪ.zɐ.'vatʲ] - [Formal]
• естественизировать [jɪs.'tʲes.tvʲɪ.nʲɪ.zɨ.'rʲɪtʲ] - [Formal, Scientific]

Frequency: Medium (This verb is not among the most common in everyday Russian but appears in legal, immigration, and scientific contexts.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of verb conjugations and formal language, suitable for learners with a solid grasp of basic grammar.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

натурализовать: [nə.tʊ.rə.lʲɪ.zɐ.'vatʲ]

естественизировать: [jɪs.'tʲes.tvʲɪ.nʲɪ.zɨ.'rʲɪtʲ]

Note on естественизировать: The initial "е" is pronounced as [jɪs] in careful speech, but it can soften to [jʲes] in faster contexts; pay attention to the stress on the fourth syllable, which is common in longer Russian verbs.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: To grant citizenship or make someone a naturalized citizen (e.g., in legal contexts)

Translation(s) & Context:

• натурализовать - Used in formal legal or governmental settings, such as immigration processes.
• естественизировать - Less common here, but can imply a broader integration process in social or policy discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Правительство решило натурализовать беженцев, чтобы они могли полноценно участвовать в общественной жизни.

  The government decided to naturalise the refugees so they could fully participate in public life.

• В России процесс натурализации иностранцев включает экзамен по русскому языку и истории.

  In Russia, the process of naturalising foreigners includes an exam on the Russian language and history.

• После многих лет проживания, она наконец смогла натурализоваться и получить паспорт.

  After many years of residence, she was finally able to naturalise and obtain a passport.

• Некоторые страны натурализуют спортсменов для участия в международных соревнованиях.

  Some countries naturalise athletes to participate in international competitions.

Meaning 2: To adapt or make something natural in a biological or environmental sense (e.g., plants or species)

Translation(s) & Context:

• естественизировать - Often used in scientific or ecological contexts to describe adaptation processes.
• натурализовать - Can be used interchangeably but is more formal in botanical discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Ученые работают над естественизированием экзотических растений в местном климате.

  Scientists are working on naturalising exotic plants in the local climate.

• Этот вид птиц был естественизирован в регионе и теперь размножается самостоятельно.

  This species of birds has been naturalised in the region and now reproduces independently.

• Экологи стараются натурализовать инвазивные виды, чтобы они не вредили экосистеме.

  Ecologists are trying to naturalise invasive species so they don't harm the ecosystem.

• Процесс естественизации включает адаптацию к новым условиям почвы и погоды.

  The process of naturalising involves adapting to new soil and weather conditions.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "натурализовать" and "естественизировать" are first-conjugation verbs in Russian, which means they follow regular patterns but can have irregularities in perfective aspects. They are imperfective verbs, and their inflections vary by tense, person, number, and aspect.

Note: These verbs do not change in a highly irregular way, but always check for aspectual pairs (e.g., perfective forms like натурализовать might pair with завершить for completion).

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • адаптировать (adapt) - More general, often used in everyday contexts with subtle differences in implying adjustment rather than full naturalization.
  • интегрировать (integrate) - Applies in social contexts, emphasizing societal fitting rather than legal status.
• Antonyms:
  • искоренить (eradicate) - Used for removing or eliminating something unnatural.
  • выселить (evict or deport) - In citizenship contexts, implying removal from naturalized status.

Related Phrases:

• Процесс натурализации - The process of naturalization (refers to legal procedures for gaining citizenship).
• Естественизировать вид - To naturalize a species (in ecological contexts, meaning to make it native).
• Натурализованный гражданин - A naturalized citizen (common in immigration discussions).

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "натурализовать" directly corresponds to the legal sense of "naturalise" in English, often used in official documents or news about immigration. It is more formal and less common in casual speech, where "адаптировать" might be preferred for everyday adaptation. For the environmental meaning, "естественизировать" is ideal in scientific writing but requires attention to verb aspects to convey ongoing vs. completed actions. When choosing between translations, opt for "натурализовать" in legal contexts and "естественизировать" in biology to ensure precision.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing the verb with its reflexive form, e.g., saying "натурализовать себя" incorrectly when it should be "натурализоваться" for self-naturalization. Correct: Use "натурализоваться" for personal actions like becoming a citizen. Explanation: Russian verbs often have reflexive forms (-ся) for actions affecting the subject, which English doesn't always distinguish.

• Error: Misplacing stress or simplifying pronunciation, e.g., pronouncing "натурализовать" as [na.tu.ra.li.zo.vat] instead of [nə.tʊ.rə.lʲɪ.zɐ.'vatʲ]. Correct: Practice the full IPA to avoid altering the word's meaning in fast speech. Explanation: Incorrect stress can make the word sound like a different term, leading to confusion in formal settings.

Cultural Notes:

In Russia, the concept of naturalization (натурализация) often carries historical connotations related to Soviet-era policies on migration and integration, where foreign individuals were naturalized to bolster national demographics. This can evoke themes of identity and belonging, especially in modern discussions about multiculturalism versus traditional Russian nationalism.

Related Concepts:

• гражданство (citizenship)
• адаптация (adaptation)
• иммиграция (immigration)