Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'mouthful'

English Word: mouthful

Key Russian Translations:

• полный рот [ˈpolʲnɨj rot] - [Informal, Used for literal or figurative quantities of food or liquid]
• глоток [ˈɡlotək] - [Neutral, Often used for a sip or swallow, slightly more formal]

Frequency: Medium (Common in everyday conversations about eating or drinking, but not as ubiquitous as basic nouns).

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of noun phrases and basic inflections; "полный рот" may vary slightly in difficulty based on context, while "глоток" is straightforward).

Pronunciation (Russian):

полный рот: [ˈpolʲnɨj rot]

Note on полный рот: The stress is on the first syllable of "полный"; "рот" can have a soft 'r' sound in some dialects, making it [ˈpolʲnɨj rɔt]. Pay attention to the vowel in "полный" which is a reduced vowel in fast speech.

глоток: [ˈɡlotək]

Note on глоток: The 'г' is a voiced velar fricative; this word is relatively easy to pronounce but can vary in length based on regional accents.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Literal meaning: A quantity of food or liquid that can be taken into the mouth at once.

Translation(s) & Context:

• полный рот - Used in informal contexts, such as describing eating habits or humorous situations.
• глоток - Applied in neutral contexts, especially for drinks, like taking a quick sip.

Usage Examples:

• Он взял полный рот супа и закашлялся. (He took a mouthful of soup and started coughing.)

  Translation: He took a mouthful of soup and started coughing. (This example shows the word in a casual, everyday scenario involving food.)

• Она сделала глоток воды, чтобы освежиться. (She took a mouthful of water to freshen up.)

  Translation: She took a mouthful of water to freshen up. (Here, it demonstrates the word in a simple, neutral context for liquids.)

• Дети ели мороженое полными ртами, не замечая, как тает. (The children ate ice cream in mouthfuls, not noticing how it was melting.)

  Translation: The children ate ice cream in mouthfuls, not noticing how it was melting. (This illustrates plural or repeated use in a playful, informal setting.)

• После пробежки он сделал большой глоток из бутылки. (After the run, he took a big mouthful from the bottle.)

  Translation: After the run, he took a big mouthful from the bottle. (This shows the word in a physical activity context, emphasizing quantity.)

• В ресторане он заказал блюдо, которое пришлось есть полными ртами. (At the restaurant, he ordered a dish that had to be eaten in mouthfuls.)

  Translation: At the restaurant, he ordered a dish that had to be eaten in mouthfuls. (This example highlights cultural or social dining scenarios.)

Figurative meaning: A large or overwhelming amount of something, often used idiomatically.

Translation(s) & Context:

• полный рот - Used figuratively in informal speech, e.g., for excessive talking or eating.
• глоток - Less common figuratively, but can imply a brief experience.

Usage Examples:

• Он наговорил полный рот глупостей на собрании. (He spouted a mouthful of nonsense at the meeting.)

  Translation: He spouted a mouthful of nonsense at the meeting. (This demonstrates idiomatic use in conversational contexts.)

• После долгого дня она сделала глоток свободы, гуляя по парку. (After a long day, she took a mouthful of freedom by walking in the park.)

  Translation: After a long day, she took a mouthful of freedom by walking in the park. (This shows a metaphorical application in emotional contexts.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Полный рот" is a phrase where "полный" is an adjective and "рот" is a noun. "Полный" inflects based on gender, number, and case, while "рот" is a masculine noun that follows standard third-declension patterns. "Глоток" is a masculine noun that inflects regularly.

Note: "Глоток" has regular inflections with no irregularities, making it easier for learners.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • кусок (kusok) - A piece or bite, often for solid food; more neutral than полный рот.
  • проглот (proglot) - A swallow, similar to глоток but implies action.
• Antonyms:
  • малейшая частица (maleyshaya chastitsa) - The smallest particle, implying the opposite of a large mouthful.
  • ничего (nichego) - Nothing, used in contrast for emphasis in speech.

Related Phrases:

• Взять полный рот воздуха (Take a mouthful of air) - A phrase used for deep breathing; implies refreshment or preparation.
• Глоток свежего воздуха (A breath of fresh air) - Not directly related but idiomatic for relief; literal meaning is a sip of fresh air metaphorically.
• Полный рот воды (A mouthful of water) - Common in contexts like swimming or choking; emphasizes risk or volume.

Usage Notes:

"Mouthful" in English often corresponds to "полный рот" in Russian for literal food contexts, but "глоток" is preferred for liquids to avoid awkward phrasing. Be mindful of formality: "полный рот" is casual and may sound humorous in professional settings. When choosing between translations, opt for "глоток" if the context involves quick ingestion. Grammatically, ensure adjectives like "полный" agree in case, gender, and number with the noun.

• Always consider the noun's declension in sentences to maintain accuracy.
• In figurative uses, "полный рот" can add emphasis, similar to English idioms like "a load of nonsense."

Common Errors:

English learners often misuse "полный рот" by forgetting to inflect the adjective, e.g., saying "полный ртом" instead of "полным ртом" in the instrumental case. Incorrect: "Я ел полный ртом" (wrong inflection). Correct: "Я ел полным ртом" (I ate with a mouthful). Another error is confusing it with "глоток" in food contexts, leading to unnatural phrasing like using "глоток" for solids. Explanation: Russian requires precise case agreement, so always check the sentence structure to avoid these mistakes.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, phrases like "полный рот" often appear in folklore or everyday humor, reflecting the importance of communal meals. For instance, in Russian literature, such expressions might symbolize abundance or gluttony, as seen in works by authors like Gogol, where overeating is a satirical theme. This highlights Russia's rich tradition of food-centric social interactions.

Related Concepts:

• пища (pishcha) - Food
• глотать (glotat') - To swallow
• кушать (kushat') - To eat (more formal)