Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'moulder'

English Word: moulder

Key Russian Translations:

• гнить [ɡʲitʲ] - [Informal, commonly used in everyday contexts for organic decay]
• разлагаться [rəzləˈɡat͡sə] - [Formal, often in scientific or literary contexts]

Frequency: Medium (This verb appears regularly in discussions about decay, nature, or deterioration, but not as frequently as basic daily verbs.)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate level; requires understanding of verb conjugations and imperfective aspects in Russian, with 'гнить' being slightly easier and 'разлагаться' more challenging due to its prefixed form.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

гнить: [ɡʲitʲ]

разлагаться: [rəzləˈɡat͡sə]

Note on гнить: The soft 'г' sound (palatalized) can be tricky for English speakers; it's similar to the 'g' in 'gesture'. Pronounce it with a slight 'y' glide before the 'i'.

Note on разлагаться: Stress falls on the third syllable; be careful with the rolling 'r' and the soft 'l' sound.

Audio: Play audio for гнить | Play audio for разлагаться (Insert actual audio file paths here.)

Meanings and Usage:

To decay or rot (as in the gradual breakdown of organic matter)

Translation(s) & Context:

• гнить - Used in informal, everyday contexts, such as describing food spoilage or natural processes.
• разлагаться - Applied in more formal or technical settings, like biology or environmental discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Древесина начала гнить из-за высокой влажности. (The wood started to moulder due to high humidity.)

  English Translation: The wood began to rot because of the high humidity.

• Фрукты в корзине быстро гниют, если их не убрать в холодильник. (Fruits in the basket moulder quickly if they're not put in the fridge.)

  English Translation: Fruits in the basket rot quickly if they're not stored in the fridge.

• В заброшенном доме мебель начала разлагаться от времени. (In the abandoned house, the furniture started to moulder over time.)

  English Translation: In the abandoned house, the furniture began to decay due to time.

• Органические отходы в компосте разлагаются, превращаясь в удобрение. (Organic waste in the compost moulders, turning into fertilizer.)

  English Translation: Organic waste in the compost decays, transforming into fertilizer.

• Летом овощи в саду могут гнить, если не обеспечить правильный дренаж. (In summer, vegetables in the garden can moulder if proper drainage isn't ensured.)

  English Translation: In summer, vegetables in the garden can rot if proper drainage isn't provided.

To deteriorate slowly (metaphorical or non-physical sense, e.g., ideas or relationships)

Translation(s) & Context:

• гнить - Informal metaphorical use, often in casual speech about decline.
• разлагаться - Formal metaphorical contexts, such as in literature or social commentary.

Usage Examples:

• Без ухода отношения между ними начали гнить. (Without care, their relationship started to moulder.)

  English Translation: Without care, their relationship began to deteriorate.

• Идеи революции разлагаются под влиянием коррупции. (The ideas of the revolution are moulding under the influence of corruption.)

  English Translation: The ideas of the revolution are decaying due to corruption.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'гнить' and 'разлагаться' are imperfective verbs in Russian, meaning they describe ongoing or repeated actions. 'Гнить' is a simple verb, while 'разлагаться' is a prefixed form, which adds nuance to the meaning.

For 'гнить' (infinitive):

For 'разлагаться' (infinitive; follows similar patterns but with prefix):

Note: These verbs do not change in a highly irregular way but follow standard first-conjugation patterns. They are imperfective, so for completed actions, perfective counterparts like 'сгнить' or 'разложиться' may be used.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • гнить - разлагаться (similar but more formal)
  • плесневеть (to grow mold, specific to fungal decay)
• Antonyms:
  • сохраняться (to preserve)
  • высыхать (to dry out, preventing decay)

Related Phrases:

• Гнить на корню - (To rot at the root; English explanation: Refers to something failing from its core, often used metaphorically for ideas or organizations.)
• Разлагаться в земле - (To decompose in the ground; English explanation: Common in environmental or burial contexts, emphasizing natural breakdown.)
• Гнить изнутри - (To moulder from within; English explanation: Describes internal deterioration, like in corruption or disease.)

Usage Notes:

In Russian, 'гнить' is a direct equivalent to the English 'moulder' in informal settings, while 'разлагаться' is preferred for more precise or scientific contexts. Be mindful of aspect: use imperfective for ongoing processes. English speakers often confuse this with perfective verbs; choose based on whether the action is completed. In formal writing, 'разлагаться' aligns better with academic English equivalents.

• Avoid using 'гнить' in professional contexts, as it may sound too casual.
• When translating 'moulder' metaphorically, ensure the context matches Russian cultural nuances, where decay often symbolizes moral decline.

Common Errors:

English learners often misuse aspect, e.g., using 'гнить' when a perfective verb like 'сгнить' is needed for a completed action. Incorrect: "Я гнию яблоко" (wrong tense and object agreement). Correct: "Яблоко сгнило" (The apple has mouldered). Explanation: Russian verbs require proper conjugation and aspect to convey completion; always check the context to avoid this.

• Error: Overusing 'разлагаться' in simple contexts, making speech sound overly formal. Correct by opting for 'гнить' in casual talk.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian literature and culture, words like 'гнить' often carry symbolic weight, as seen in works by Tolstoy or Dostoevsky, where decay represents moral or societal breakdown. This reflects a broader Slavic cultural emphasis on nature's cycles and human impermanence, helping users appreciate the poetic depth beyond literal translation.

Related Concepts:

• сгнивание (rotting process)
• разложение (decomposition)
• плесень (mold)