Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'morbid'

English Word: morbid

Key Russian Translations:

• патологический [pətɐləˈɡʲitɕɪskʲɪj] - [Formal, used in medical or scientific contexts]
• мрачный [ˈmraʧnɨj] - [Informal, often for psychological or emotional connotations]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in medical literature, psychology discussions, and everyday conversations about health, but not as frequent as basic vocabulary).

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of Russian adjective inflections and context-specific usage. For 'патологический', it may lean towards B2 due to medical terminology; for 'мрачный', it could be A2 for basic forms).

Pronunciation (Russian):

патологический: [pətɐləˈɡʲitɕɪskʲɪj]

Note on патологический: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ('ɡʲitɕɪskʲɪj'). This word can be challenging for English speakers due to the palatalized consonants and vowel reductions in fast speech.

мрачный: [ˈmraʧnɨj]

Note on мрачный: The initial 'м' is pronounced with a soft, guttural quality; the 'ч' is a voiceless palatal fricative, similar to 'ch' in 'church'. Variations may occur in regional dialects.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Related to disease, pathology, or abnormal conditions (e.g., in a medical sense)

Translation(s) & Context:

• патологический - Used in formal medical or scientific discussions, such as describing abnormal tissue growth.

Usage Examples:

• Врачи обнаружили патологический рост в тканях пациента.

  Doctors discovered a morbid growth in the patient's tissues.

• Патологический анализ показал наличие инфекции.

  The morbid analysis revealed the presence of an infection.

• Этот симптом может указывать на патологическое состояние.

  This symptom might indicate a morbid condition.

• Патологический процесс в организме требует немедленного лечения.

  The morbid process in the body requires immediate treatment.

• Исследования фокусируются на патологических изменениях в мозге.

  Research focuses on morbid changes in the brain.

Meaning 2: Indicating an unhealthy or morbid fascination with death, illness, or the macabre (e.g., in psychological or everyday contexts)

Translation(s) & Context:

• мрачный - Used informally to describe a gloomy or morbid interest, often in literature, art, or personal behavior.

Usage Examples:

• Его мрачный интерес к историям о призраках беспокоит друзей.

  His morbid interest in ghost stories worries his friends.

• Фильм полон мрачных сцен, которые могут шокировать зрителей.

  The film is full of morbid scenes that might shock viewers.

• Мрачный юмор в этой книге отражает реальные жизненные трагедии.

  The morbid humor in this book reflects real-life tragedies.

• Её мрачные размышления о смерти вызывают тревогу у семьи.

  Her morbid thoughts about death cause concern for her family.

• Мрачный стиль живописи художника вдохновлен готической литературой.

  The artist's morbid painting style is inspired by Gothic literature.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'патологический' and 'мрачный' are Russian adjectives, which inflect based on gender, number, and case. Russian adjectives agree with the nouns they modify and follow standard adjectival declension patterns, which can be regular or irregular.

For 'патологический' (a regular adjective):

For 'мрачный' (also regular):

These adjectives do not have irregular forms but must agree with the noun in gender, number, and case.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms for патологический: аномальный (anomal'nyy) - slightly irregular or deviant; ненормальный (nenormal'nyy) - abnormal in a broader sense.
• Synonyms for мрачный: угрюмый (ugriumyy) - gloomy, with a more temporary mood; тоскливый (tosklivyy) - melancholic, often with emotional depth.
• Antonyms: здоровый (zdorovyy) - healthy; жизнерадостный (zhizneradostnyy) - cheerful or optimistic.

Related Phrases:

• Патологический процесс - A morbid process (refers to disease progression in medical contexts).
• Мрачный юмор - Morbid humor (used for dark or ironic comedy).
• Патологическая анатомия - Morbid anatomy (a field of study in medicine).

Usage Notes:

'Патологический' is the more precise translation for the medical sense of 'morbid', aligning closely with English usage in pathology, while 'мрачный' fits psychological or emotional contexts. Choose based on formality: use 'патологический' in professional settings and 'мрачный' in casual conversations. Be mindful of adjective agreement with nouns in Russian sentences, as mismatches can lead to grammatical errors. For example, it's common in Russian to pair these with abstract nouns like 'интерес' (interest) or 'состояние' (state).

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'патологический' in non-medical contexts, e.g., saying "патологический интерес" when "мрачный интерес" is more appropriate for everyday morbid fascination. Correct: Opt for 'мрачный' to avoid sounding overly clinical. Explanation: This confuses formal medical terminology with informal emotional descriptions, making the language feel unnatural.

• Error: Forgetting adjective inflections, e.g., using 'патологический' in the nominative case with a genitive noun. Correct: Change to 'патологического' for genitive agreement. Explanation: Russian requires strict case agreement, unlike English, so learners must check the noun's case first.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like 'мрачный' often evoke themes from literature, such as Dostoevsky's works, where morbid introspection reflects existential struggles. This can tie into Russia's historical emphasis on philosophical depth and melancholy, making such vocabulary common in discussions of art and psychology, though less so in everyday positive interactions.

Related Concepts:

• болезнь (bolezn') - disease
• психология (psikhologiya) - psychology
• аномалия (anomal'iya) - anomaly