Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'mortise'

English Word: mortise

Key Russian Translations:

• паз [paz] - [Formal, Technical term in carpentry and woodworking]
• выемка [vye̯ɪmka] - [Informal, General contexts for a groove or recess]

Frequency: Low (Primarily used in specialized fields like woodworking; not common in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with technical vocabulary and basic Russian noun declensions; for 'паз', it's straightforward, but 'выемка' may vary slightly in usage)

Pronunciation (Russian):

паз: [paz] (IPA: /paz/)

выемка: [vye̯ɪmka] (IPA: /vʲɪˈɛmkə/)

Note on паз: The pronunciation is simple and consistent, but stress on the first syllable may vary slightly in rapid speech. For выемка, the initial 'vye̯' sound is a palatalized 'v', which can be tricky for beginners.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: A slot, groove, or recess cut into a piece of wood or material to receive another part (e.g., in carpentry or joinery)

Translation(s) & Context:

• паз - Used in formal, technical contexts like woodworking manuals or construction; implies a precise, engineered groove.
• выемка - Applied in more general or informal settings, such as describing a simple recess in everyday objects.

Usage Examples:

• В этой доске мастер вырезал паз для соединения с шипом.

  In this board, the craftsman cut a mortise to connect with the tenon.

• Для сборки мебели нужно правильно выровнять выемку в детали.

  To assemble the furniture, you need to align the mortise properly in the piece.

• Столяр использует специальный инструмент, чтобы создать паз в деревянной раме.

  The carpenter uses a special tool to create a mortise in the wooden frame.

• В старой мебели часто встречаются неидеальные выемки, которые требуют ремонта.

  In old furniture, imperfect mortises are often found that require repair.

• Инженер спроектировал выемку в конструкции для повышения стабильности.

  The engineer designed a mortise in the structure to improve stability.

Secondary Meaning: Figurative use, such as a niche or fitting space in a broader context (less common)

Translation(s) & Context:

• паз - Rare, metaphorical use in technical or abstract discussions, e.g., in engineering designs.

Usage Examples:

• Эта роль в компании – как паз, идеально подходящий под твои навыки.

  This role in the company is like a mortise, perfectly fitting your skills.

• В архитектуре выемка может символизировать место для интеграции элементов.

  In architecture, a mortise can symbolize a space for integrating elements.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

'паз' is a masculine noun (3rd declension) with regular inflections. It changes based on case and number, as follows:

'выемка' is a feminine noun with standard inflections:

Both words follow regular patterns, making them relatively easy to inflect once basic rules are learned.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • гнездо (slightly more general, often used for a socket or cavity; differs from паз by implying a deeper enclosure)
  • канавка (used for smaller grooves; more informal in mechanical contexts)
• Antonyms:
  • выступ (protrusion or projection, opposite of a recessed slot)
  • шип (tenon, the counterpart that fits into the mortise)

Related Phrases:

• Свободный паз (Free mortise) - Refers to an unfilled groove in woodworking, allowing for adjustments.
• Паз и шип (Mortise and tenon) - A common joinery technique; implies a strong, traditional connection method.
• Выемка под ключ (Keyway or mortise for a key) - Used in locksmithing for creating a slot for a key mechanism.

Usage Notes:

The Russian translations like 'паз' and 'выемка' directly correspond to 'mortise' in technical English contexts, but 'паз' is preferred in formal woodworking for its precision. Use 'выемка' for broader or less specialized scenarios. Be mindful of grammatical gender and case: 'паз' is masculine, so it affects agreement with adjectives and verbs. In everyday Russian, these terms are rare outside professional settings, so context is key for accurate usage. When choosing between translations, opt for 'паз' in carpentry discussions and 'выемка' for general descriptions to avoid over-formality.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Confusing 'паз' with 'шип' (tenon), leading to learners saying "Я вырезал шип в доске" when they mean a mortise.
  Correct: "Я вырезал паз в доске" (I cut a mortise in the board). Explanation: 'Шип' is the protruding part, not the recess, so ensure to distinguish based on the English counterpart.
• Mistake: Incorrect inflection, e.g., using nominative 'паз' in genitive contexts like "без паз" instead of "без паза".
  Correct: "без паза" (without a mortise). Explanation: Always apply proper case endings to maintain grammatical accuracy in Russian sentences.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like 'паз' are tied to traditional woodworking and craftsmanship, often seen in historical contexts such as the construction of wooden izbas (traditional houses). This reflects Russia's rich heritage in manual trades, where precise joinery symbolizes durability and resourcefulness, especially in rural or Soviet-era engineering practices.

Related Concepts:

• шип (tenon)
• столярство (carpentry)
• инструменты (tools)