Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'migration'

English Word: migration

Key Russian Translations:

• миграция /mʲɪˈɡrat͡sɨjə/ - [Formal, used in scientific, demographic, or official contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in academic, news, and professional discussions, but not everyday casual speech)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate, as it involves abstract concepts and is typically encountered in intermediate-level language learning; requires understanding of noun declensions)

Pronunciation (Russian):

миграция: /mʲɪˈɡrat͡sɨjə/

Note on миграция: The stress falls on the third syllable ("ra"), and the initial "м" is palatalized, which is a common feature in Russian words of foreign origin. Pronounce it with a soft "m" sound as in "music."

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The process of people, animals, or populations moving from one place to another, often seasonally or permanently.

Translation(s) & Context:

• миграция - Used in formal contexts such as biology (e.g., animal migration), demographics (e.g., human population shifts), or policy discussions. It is a neutral, general term without strong emotional connotations.

Usage Examples:

• Ежегодная миграция птиц в Сибирь привлекает тысячи туристов.

  The annual migration of birds to Siberia attracts thousands of tourists.

• Миграция рабочей силы из сельских районов в города остается актуальной проблемой.

  The migration of the workforce from rural areas to cities remains a pressing issue.

• Глобальная миграция населения влияет на экономику многих стран.

  Global migration of populations affects the economies of many countries.

• В период климатических изменений миграция животных становится менее предсказуемой.

  During periods of climate change, animal migration becomes less predictable.

• Историческая миграция народов в Россию сформировала её многонациональный характер.

  Historical migration of peoples to Russia has shaped its multinational character.

Another meaning: A large-scale movement or shift, such as in data or ideas (e.g., in computing or cultural contexts).

Translation(s) & Context:

• миграция - Applied metaphorically, e.g., in IT for data migration, but less common; often requires context to avoid confusion with physical movement.

Usage Examples:

• Миграция данных с старых серверов на облако прошла без сбоев.

  The migration of data from old servers to the cloud went smoothly.

• Цифровая миграция контента помогает компаниям адаптироваться к новым технологиям.

  Digital migration of content helps companies adapt to new technologies.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Миграция" is a feminine noun of the first declension in Russian. It follows standard patterns for most Russian nouns, with changes based on case, number, and gender. It is a loanword from Latin/Greek via English and does not have irregular forms.

Note: This word does not change in the plural for some cases if used in a general sense, but the above is standard.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: перемещение (peremeshcheniye - general movement, often physical), исход (ishod - exodus or mass departure, with a historical connotation), миграционный поток (migratsionnyy potok - migration flow, more specific)
• Antonyms: оседлость (osedlost' - sedentariness or settled lifestyle), иммобилизация (immobilizatsiya - immobilization, in contexts like data or physical fixing)

Explanation: "Перемещение" is a broader synonym for everyday movements, while "исход" implies a large-scale, often forced migration with emotional weight.

Related Phrases:

• Массовые миграции - Mass migrations; Refers to large-scale population movements, often in historical or current events.
• Миграционный кризис - Migration crisis; Used in discussions of refugee flows or border issues.
• Сезонная миграция - Seasonal migration; Common in biology or agriculture contexts.
• Миграция населения - Population migration; A phrase for demographic studies.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "миграция" directly corresponds to the English "migration" but is more formal and less used in casual conversation. It is often paired with adjectives like "сезонная" (seasonal) or "масштабная" (large-scale) to specify context. English learners should note that Russian requires correct case agreement; for example, use the genitive case after prepositions like "из" (from). When choosing among translations, prefer "миграция" for general or scientific use, but "иммиграция" for immigration specifically to avoid confusion.

• Always consider the context: In IT, it might mean data transfer, while in geography, it means physical movement.
• Grammar tip: As a feminine noun, it agrees with feminine adjectives, e.g., "большая миграция" (big migration).

Common Errors:

English speakers often confuse "миграция" with "иммиграция" (immigration), leading to misuse. For example:

• Error: Using "миграция" to mean only incoming migration, e.g., "Миграция в Россию" when intending "Immigration to Russia."
  Correct: Use "иммиграция в Россию" for immigration specifically.
  Explanation: "Миграция" is neutral and can mean any type of movement, while "иммиграция" implies permanent relocation to a new country.
• Error: Incorrect declension, e.g., saying "из миграция" instead of "из миграции."
  Correct: "Из миграции" (from migration).
  Explanation: Russian prepositions require the genitive case, so always adjust the noun ending accordingly.

Cultural Notes:

In Russia, "миграция" carries historical significance, often linked to events like the Great Migration of peoples during the Soviet era or modern labor migrations from Central Asia. It reflects themes of expansion, displacement, and cultural integration, influencing Russia's diverse ethnic makeup and current policies on migration.

Related Concepts:

• иммиграция (immigration)
• эмиграция (emigration)
• переселение (resettlement)
• демография (demography)