Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'migrate'

English Word: migrate

Key Russian Translations:

• мигрировать [mʲɪɡrʲɪrəvatʲ] - [Formal, used in scientific or official contexts]
• переселяться [pʲɪrʲɪsʲelʲat͡sə] - [Informal, commonly used for human or everyday migration scenarios]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in discussions about travel, relocation, or environmental topics, but not in casual everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, per CEFR; involves understanding verb conjugations and context-specific usage. For 'мигрировать', it's slightly more advanced due to its formal nature; 'переселяться' is accessible at A2-B1.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

мигрировать: [mʲɪɡrʲɪrəvatʲ]

Note on мигрировать: The stress falls on the second syllable ('гри'), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the soft 'г' sound. Pronunciation may vary slightly in rapid speech.

переселяться: [pʲɪrʲɪsʲelʲat͡sə]

Note on переселяться: The 'с' is palatalized, making it sound like 'sy', and the verb ends with a reflexive particle '-ся', which affects the overall rhythm.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The seasonal or periodic movement of animals from one region to another, often for breeding or feeding.

Translation(s) & Context:

• мигрировать - Used in formal, scientific, or environmental contexts, such as wildlife discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Каждую осень птицы мигрируют в теплые края.

  Every autumn, birds migrate to warmer regions.

• В Африке слоны мигрируют в поисках воды во время засухи.

  In Africa, elephants migrate in search of water during droughts.

• Ученые изучают, как климатические изменения влияют на то, как животные мигрируют.

  Scientists study how climate change affects how animals migrate.

• Многие рыбы мигрируют вверх по рекам для нерест.

  Many fish migrate upstream to spawn.

Meaning 2: The movement of people from one place to another, often for work, safety, or better living conditions.

Translation(s) & Context:

• переселяться - Informal and common in everyday contexts, such as personal relocation or immigration stories.
• мигрировать - Formal alternative, used in official reports or demographic studies.

Usage Examples:

• Многие семьи переселяются в большие города в поисках работы.

  Many families migrate to big cities in search of work.

• Из-за войны люди вынуждены переселяться в другие страны.

  Due to war, people are forced to migrate to other countries.

• В прошлом веке миллионы европейцев мигрировали в Америку за лучшей жизнью.

  In the last century, millions of Europeans migrated to America for a better life.

• Молодежь часто переселяется в мегаполисы, чтобы получить образование.

  Young people often migrate to megacities to get an education.

• Правительство разрабатывает программы, чтобы помочь мигрировать в сельские районы.

  The government is developing programs to help people migrate to rural areas.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'мигрировать' and 'переселяться' are verbs, so they follow Russian verb conjugation rules. 'Мигрировать' is a first-conjugation verb, while 'переселяться' is reflexive and follows similar patterns with the '-ся' suffix. Russian verbs change based on tense, aspect, person, and number. Below is a table for infinitive, present tense, and past tense forms:

These verbs are regular, but pay attention to stress shifts in different forms.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • переезжать (to move/relocate, similar to переселяться but more about physical moving)
  • эмигрировать (to emigrate, with a nuance of permanent relocation abroad)
• Antonyms:
  • оставаться (to stay, implying no movement)
  • оседать (to settle permanently, opposite of migratory behavior)

Related Phrases:

• Массовый исход - A mass exodus or large-scale migration, often used in historical or crisis contexts.
• Переселенческая политика - Migration policy, referring to government strategies on relocation.
• Миграционный поток - Migration flow, describing patterns of people or animals moving.
• Внутренняя миграция - Internal migration, meaning movement within a country; useful in demographic discussions.

Usage Notes:

'Migrate' in English often implies a purposeful, often seasonal or long-distance movement, which aligns closely with 'мигрировать' in formal Russian contexts (e.g., animal migration) and 'переселяться' for human scenarios. Choose 'мигрировать' for scientific or official writing, as it's more precise and less emotional. 'Переселяться' is better for informal narratives and conveys a sense of personal relocation. Be mindful of aspect in Russian: use imperfective forms for ongoing actions. In sentences, these verbs must agree with the subject in person and number, and reflexive verbs like 'переселяться' always end with '-ся' or '-сь'.

Common Errors:

• English learners often forget the reflexive suffix in 'переселяться', using 'переселить' instead, which means 'to resettle someone else'. Error: "Я переселить в новый город" (incorrect). Correct: "Я переселяюсь в новый город" (I am migrating to a new city). Explanation: Always include '-ся' for reflexive actions to indicate the subject is performing the action on themselves.

• Mixing up stress or conjugation, e.g., saying "я мигрирует" instead of "я ми́грирую". Error: "Он мигрирует неправильно" (if conjugated wrong). Correct: "Он ми́грирует". Explanation: Russian verbs require precise endings based on person; practice with tables to avoid this.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and history, migration themes are prominent due to events like the Soviet-era resettlements and modern labor migration from former USSR countries. For instance, 'переселяться' often evokes stories of internal migration during collectivization in the 1930s, symbolizing upheaval and adaptation, which adds emotional depth to the word in literature and media.

Related Concepts:

• эмигрировать
• иммигрировать
• перелет
• демография