Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'manslaughter'

English Word: manslaughter

Key Russian Translations:

• неумышленное убийство /nʲɪ.ʊˈmʲi.ʂlʲɪ.nə.jɛ ʊˈbʲij.stvə/ - [Formal, Legal; Used in official and judicial contexts]
• убийство по неосторожности /ʊˈbʲij.stvə pə nʲɪ.ɐˈsto.rɔʐ.nəs.ti/ - [Formal, Legal; Often used interchangeably but emphasizes negligence]

Frequency: Low (This term is primarily used in legal and professional settings, not in everyday conversation.)

Difficulty: Advanced (C1 level; Requires understanding of Russian legal terminology and grammar, as these translations involve complex noun-adjective agreements.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

неумышленное убийство: /nʲɪ.ʊˈmʲi.ʂlʲɪ.nə.jɛ ʊˈbʲij.stvə/

убийство по неосторожности: /ʊˈbʲij.stvə pə nʲɪ.ɐˈsto.rɔʐ.nəs.ti/

Note on неумышленное убийство: Stress falls on the third syllable of "неумышленное" (/ˈmʲi.ʂlʲɪ/), which can be tricky for learners due to the soft consonants; practice with native speakers for accurate intonation.

Note on убийство по неосторожности: The preposition "по" links the phrases, and the stress on "неосторожности" is on the third syllable (/ˈsto.rɔʐ/); be mindful of the genitive case ending.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The unlawful killing of a person without malice aforethought or intent to kill.

Translation(s) & Context:

• неумышленное убийство - Used in formal legal contexts, such as court cases or legal documents, to describe accidental or negligent homicide.
• убийство по неосторожности - Applied in scenarios involving carelessness, like traffic accidents, and is common in criminal law discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Суд признал его виновным в неумышленном убийстве из-за нарушения правил дорожного движения.

  The court found him guilty of manslaughter due to a violation of traffic rules.

• В отличие от умышленного убийства, неумышленное убийство не предполагает предварительного намерения.

  Unlike murder, manslaughter does not involve premeditation.

• Обвиняемый утверждал, что это было убийство по неосторожности, а не преднамеренное действие.

  The defendant claimed it was manslaughter, not a deliberate act.

• В медицинской практике случаи неумышленного убийства могут возникать из-за врачебных ошибок.

  In medical practice, cases of manslaughter can arise from medical errors.

• Закон различает убийство по неосторожности от других форм насилия на основе степени вины.

  The law distinguishes manslaughter from other forms of violence based on the level of culpability.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

The primary translations involve a noun ("убийство") and an adjective ("неумышленное"), which follow standard Russian inflection patterns. "Убийство" is a neuter noun in the second declension, while "неумышленное" is an adjective that agrees in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies.

For "убийство" (neuter noun):

For "неумышленное" (adjective, neuter singular in nominative):

• It changes to agree with the noun: e.g., неумышленного (genitive), неумышленному (dative). In phrases like "неумышленное убийство," the adjective inflects accordingly.

"Убийство по неосторожности" is a fixed phrase, but "неосторожности" is in the genitive case and follows standard adjective/noun inflection rules.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • случайное убийство (implies accidental killing; less formal than неумышленное убийство)
  • несчастный случай с летальным исходом (used in everyday contexts for fatal accidents)
• Antonyms:
  • умышленное убийство (intentional killing or murder)
  • преднамеренное насилие (premeditated violence)

Related Phrases:

• причинение смерти по неосторожности - Causing death through negligence; often used in legal indictments.
• непреднамеренное причинение вреда - Unintentional harm leading to death; a broader phrase for accidental injuries resulting in fatality.
• убийство в состоянии аффекта - Killing in the heat of passion; related but distinct from manslaughter in emotional contexts.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "неумышленное убийство" directly corresponds to the English "manslaughter" in legal terms, emphasizing the absence of intent, similar to voluntary or involuntary manslaughter in common law. It is restricted to formal contexts like courtrooms or legal documents. When choosing between translations, use "убийство по неосторожности" for cases involving clear negligence, such as driving offenses. Grammatically, ensure adjectives agree with nouns in case, number, and gender. For English speakers, note that Russian law may have subtle differences in sentencing compared to English-speaking jurisdictions.

• Avoid using these terms in casual conversation; they are highly formal.
• In writing, pair with context to distinguish from "убийство" alone, which could imply murder.

Common Errors:

English learners often confuse "неумышленное убийство" with "убийство," assuming the latter covers all killings. Error: Using "убийство" without qualifiers, e.g., "Он совершил убийство" to mean manslaughter. Correct: "Он совершил неумышленное убийство." Explanation: "Убийство" alone typically implies intentional murder, so adding "неумышленное" is crucial for accuracy. Another error is incorrect case agreement, e.g., saying "в неумышленное убийство" instead of "в неумышленном убийстве" in prepositional contexts; always check the noun's case.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and legal system, "неумышленное убийство" reflects influences from Soviet-era criminal codes, which prioritize societal harm over individual intent. This can lead to harsher penalties in cases involving public safety, such as industrial accidents, highlighting Russia's emphasis on collective responsibility in legal matters.

Related Concepts:

• преступление
• наказание
• насилие
• уголовная ответственность