Russian Translation(s) & Details for '{{mad}}'

English Word: {{mad}}

Key Russian Translations:

• Сумасшедший [su.məʂ.ˈʂɛ.dʲɪj] - [Informal, often used for insanity or eccentricity]
• Злой [zlo.j] - [Informal, used for anger or irritability]
• Сердитый [sʲɪr.ˈdʲi.tɨj] - [Formal, specifically for being angry or upset]

Frequency: Medium - The word "mad" corresponds to common Russian words used in everyday conversation, though frequency varies by context (e.g., "злой" is high in informal speech).

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) - Learners at this level can grasp basic usage, but nuances like word choice based on context may require B2 for full mastery. For "сумасшедший," difficulty is B2 due to irregular inflections.

Pronunciation (Russian):

Сумасшедший: [su.məʂ.ˈʂɛ.dʲɪj]

Note on Сумасшедший: The stress falls on the third syllable; be cautious with the soft 'ш' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers. A common variant in fast speech is [su.məʂ.ʂɛtʲ].

Злой: [zlo.j]

Note on Злой: This is a straightforward word with a clear 'л' sound; no major variants, but ensure the vowel is short.

Сердитый: [sʲɪr.ˈdʲi.tɨj]

Note on Сердитый: The 'ы' sound is a neutral vowel; practice with native audio for accuracy.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Angry or Irritated (as in, feeling rage)

Translation(s) & Context:

• Злой - Used in informal contexts to describe temporary anger, such as in arguments or daily frustrations.
• Сердитый - Applied in more formal or descriptive settings, like literature or polite conversation about someone's mood.

Usage Examples:

• Он был злым после неудачного дня на работе. (He was mad after a bad day at work.)

  Translation: He was angry after a bad day at work. This example shows "злой" in a casual, everyday context.

• Моя мама становится сердитой, когда я опаздываю. (My mom gets mad when I'm late.)

  Translation: My mom gets angry when I'm late. Here, "сердитый" illustrates familial interactions with a slightly formal tone.

• Злой водитель кричал на других на дороге. (The mad driver was yelling at others on the road.)

  Translation: The angry driver was yelling at others on the road. This demonstrates "злой" in a dynamic, action-oriented scenario.

• Сердитый тон в его голосе напугал всех. (The mad tone in his voice scared everyone.)

  Translation: The angry tone in his voice scared everyone. This highlights "сердитый" in descriptive narrative.

Meaning 2: Insane or Mentally Unstable

Translation(s) & Context:

• Сумасшедший - Used informally for describing madness, eccentricity, or irrational behavior, often in colloquial speech.

Usage Examples:

• Этот сумасшедший учёный изобрёл странную машину. (This mad scientist invented a strange machine.)

  Translation: This insane scientist invented a strange machine. This example shows "сумасшедший" in a humorous or fictional context.

• Она выглядит сумасшедшей, когда танцует под дождём. (She looks mad when she dances in the rain.)

  Translation: She looks insane when she dances in the rain. Here, it conveys eccentricity in everyday life.

• Сумасшедший человек бродил по улицам ночью. (The mad person was wandering the streets at night.)

  Translation: The insane person was wandering the streets at night. This illustrates a more serious, descriptive use.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For "Сумасшедший" (adjective): This is an irregular adjective that follows the standard adjectival declension pattern in Russian. It changes based on gender, number, and case.

For "Злой" (adjective): Regular first-declension adjective with standard inflections for gender, number, and case. No irregularities.

For "Сердитый" (adjective): Also follows regular patterns, unchanging in most forms except for gender and case specifics.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Сумасшедший: Безумный (bezumnyy) - Similar but more intense, often for extreme insanity.
  • Злой: Разгневанный (razgnevannyi) - Formal synonym, used in written contexts.
  • Сердитый: Вспыльчивый (vspylchivyi) - Implies quick temper, with a nuance of impulsiveness.
• Antonyms:
  • Сумасшедший: Трезвомыслящий (trezvomyslyashchiy) - Meaning sane or rational.
  • Злой: Добрый (dobryi) - Meaning kind or good-natured.
  • Сердитый: Спокойный (spokoinyi) - Meaning calm or peaceful.

Related Phrases:

• Сумасшедший дом (sumasshedshiy dom) - Meaning "madhouse" or asylum; used figuratively for chaotic situations.
• Злой как собака (zloi kak sobaka) - Meaning "mad as a dog"; an idiom for extreme anger in informal speech.
• Сердитый взгляд (serdityi vzglyad) - Meaning "mad look" or angry glare; common in descriptive contexts.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "mad" doesn't translate directly; choose based on context: use "злой" or "сердитый" for anger in interpersonal scenarios, and "сумасшедший" for insanity. Be mindful of formality—"сердитый" suits professional or written language, while "злой" is casual. Grammatically, these adjectives agree with the noun they modify in gender, number, and case. For English learners, avoid overusing "сумасшедший" as it can sound pejorative; opt for synonyms in sensitive contexts.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using "сумасшедший" to mean just "angry," which confuses it with anger-related words. Correct: Use "злой" for anger. Example of error: *Он сумасшедший потому что спорил* (wrong for "He was mad because he argued"). Correct: Он был злым потому что спорил. Explanation: "Сумасшедший" implies mental instability, not temporary emotion.
• Mistake: Forgetting adjective agreement, e.g., saying "сумасшедший женщина" instead of "сумасшедшая женщина." Correct: Always match gender and case. Explanation: Russian adjectives must inflect, unlike English.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like "сумасшедший" can carry stigma related to mental health, often reflected in literature (e.g., in Dostoevsky's works). "Злой" might evoke fairy tale villains, emphasizing moral binaries in folklore, which helps English speakers understand emotional expressions in Russian media.

Related Concepts:

• Безумный (bezumnyy)
• Разгневанный (razgnevannyi)
• Вспыльчивый (vspylchivyi)