Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'loathsome'

English Word: loathsome

Key Russian Translations:

• Омерзительный [ɐmʲɪrzʲɪˈtʲelʲnɨj] - Adjective, Formal (used in written or official contexts)
• Отвратительный [ɐtvratʲɪˈtʲelʲnɨj] - Adjective, Informal (commonly used in everyday speech)

Frequency: Medium (encountered in literature, media, and conversations but not as common as basic adjectives)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of adjective declensions and nuanced emotional vocabulary)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Омерзительный: [ɐmʲɪrzʲɪˈtʲelʲnɨj]

Note on Омерзительный: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ("tel'"), which can be tricky for learners due to the soft consonants; pronounce with a clear 'y' sound at the end for proper Russian inflection.

Audio: []

Отвратительный: [ɐtvratʲɪˈtʲelʲnɨj]

Note on Отвратительный: Emphasize the 'a' in the first syllable; the 'tv' cluster is pronounced softly, common in Russian adjectives.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning: Extremely disgusting, repulsive, or causing strong aversion, often used to describe people, objects, or situations that evoke intense dislike.

Translation(s) & Context:

• Омерзительный - Used in formal contexts, such as literature or professional discussions, to emphasize moral or sensory repulsion (e.g., in descriptions of unethical behavior).
• Отвратительный - Applied in informal, everyday situations to express personal disgust, like in casual conversations about food or appearances.

Usage Examples:

• Омерзительный запах гнилых фруктов распространился по всему дому.

  The loathsome smell of rotten fruits spread throughout the house.

• Этот фильм показывает отвратительную сторону человеческой природы.

  This film depicts the loathsome side of human nature.

• Омерзительный характер персонажа сделал историю ещё более запоминающейся.

  The loathsome character of the protagonist made the story even more memorable.

• Отвратительный вкус еды в этом ресторане отпугнул всех посетителей.

  The loathsome taste of the food in this restaurant scared off all the visitors.

• В обществе часто осуждают омерзительные поступки, такие как предательство.

  Society often condemns loathsome actions, such as betrayal.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "Омерзительный" and "Отвратительный" are adjectives, which in Russian undergo full declension based on gender, number, and case. Russian adjectives agree with the nouns they modify and follow standard hard-stem patterns with some irregularities due to soft consonants.

Note: These adjectives do not have irregular forms but must agree with the noun in all aspects; for plural, they remain consistent across genders.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Отвратительный (similar to the original but more informal; often interchangeable in casual speech)
  • Гадкий (slightly milder, used for sneaky or unpleasant behavior)
• Antonyms:
  • Приятный (pleasant, positive connotation)
  • Замечательный (remarkable, highly positive)

Related Phrases:

• Омерзительный запах - A loathsome smell; used to describe foul odors in environmental or health contexts.
• Отвратительный вкус - A loathsome taste; common in food criticism or culinary discussions.
• Омерзительное поведение - Loathsome behavior; often appears in ethical or social commentaries.

Usage Notes:

"Loathsome" translates most accurately to "Омерзительный" in formal settings, where a stronger moral judgment is implied, while "Отвратительный" suits everyday informal use. Be cautious with context: in Russian, these words can intensify emotional responses, so they are best avoided in polite conversations. When choosing between translations, opt for "Омерзительный" for written or literary contexts and "Отвратительный" for spoken language. Grammatically, always ensure the adjective agrees with the noun in gender, number, and case to maintain proper sentence structure.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "Омерзительный" in informal speech as if it were neutral, which can sound overly dramatic or pretentious.

  Correct: Отвратительный дом (A loathsome house in casual talk). Incorrect: Омерзительный дом (better for formal writing). Explanation: "Омерзительный" carries a more intense, literary tone, so it may alienate listeners in everyday dialogue.

• Error: Failing to decline the adjective properly, e.g., saying "Омерзительный женщина" instead of "Омерзительная женщина".

  Correct: Омерзительная женщина (with feminine ending). Explanation: Russian adjectives must match the noun's gender; neglecting this leads to grammatical errors that make the sentence sound unnatural to native speakers.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like "Омерзительный" often appear in literature (e.g., in works by Dostoevsky) to describe moral corruption or societal flaws, reflecting a deep philosophical tradition of introspection. This can add a layer of intensity to descriptions, emphasizing emotional and ethical dimensions beyond simple disgust.

Related Concepts:

• Ужасный (horrible)
• Гнусный (vile)
• Отталкивающий (repulsive)