Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'lesion'

English Word: lesion

Key Russian Translations:

• поражение [poˈraʐənʲɪje] - [Formal, Medical context]
• повреждение [pɐvˈrəʐdənʲɪje] - [Informal, General injury]

Frequency: Medium (Common in medical and scientific contexts, less so in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of Russian noun declensions and medical terminology; for "поражение", it's B2, while "повреждение" is also B2)

Pronunciation (Russian):

поражение: [poˈraʐənʲɪje]

повреждение: [pɐvˈrəʐdənʲɪje]

Note on поражение: The stress is on the second syllable (po-RA-zhe-ni-ye); be careful with the soft 'zh' sound, which is similar to the 's' in "measure" in English.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: A pathological change in body tissue (e.g., in medicine)

Translation(s) & Context:

• поражение - Used in formal medical or scientific contexts to describe damage or abnormality, such as in dermatology or pathology.
• повреждение - Applied in broader contexts, like accidents or injuries, often in everyday or informal discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Врачи диагностировали кожное поражение на руке пациента.

  Doctors diagnosed a skin lesion on the patient's arm.

• Это поражение мозга может быть вызвано инфекцией.

  This brain lesion could be caused by an infection.

• После аварии у него было несколько повреждений на теле.

  After the accident, he had several lesions on his body.

• Поражение печени часто требует немедленного лечения.

  A liver lesion often requires immediate treatment.

• Врачи изучили рентген, чтобы выявить любое повреждение костей.

  Doctors examined the X-ray to detect any bone lesions.

Secondary Meaning: A general area of damage or injury (non-medical)

Translation(s) & Context:

• поражение - In metaphorical or extended uses, such as in military or environmental contexts.

Usage Examples:

• Землетрясение вызвало значительное поражение в регионе.

  The earthquake caused significant lesion (damage) in the region.

• Это поражение инфраструктуры требует срочного ремонта.

  This lesion (damage) to the infrastructure requires urgent repair.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "поражение" and "повреждение" are neuter nouns in Russian, following the standard declension patterns for third-declension nouns. They are inflected based on case, number, and gender. "Поражение" is typically singular in medical contexts but can be pluralized.

Note: These nouns do not change for gender but must agree in case with other words in the sentence.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • повреждение (similar to the original, but more general)
  • дефект (defect; often used for structural flaws)
  • аномалия (anomaly; implies something unusual or abnormal)
• Antonyms:
  • целостность (integrity; wholeness without damage)
  • норма (norm; standard, healthy state)

Related Phrases:

• Кожное поражение - Skin lesion; used in dermatology to describe surface damage.
• Повреждение тканей - Tissue lesion; refers to injury in soft tissues.
• Мозговое поражение - Brain lesion; common in neurology contexts.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "поражение" is the most precise translation for "lesion" in medical contexts, as it conveys a pathological change without implying trauma. Use "повреждение" for accidental or physical injuries. Both words are formal, but "поражение" is preferred in scientific writing. Always ensure the noun agrees in case with surrounding words, e.g., "из-за поражения" (because of the lesion). When choosing between translations, opt for "поражение" if the context is diagnostic, and "повреждение" for everyday injuries.

Common Errors:

• English learners often confuse "поражение" with "поражение" in a military sense (e.g., defeat), leading to misuse. Error: "Я имею поражение на коже" (incorrect, as it sounds like "I have a defeat on my skin"). Correct: "Я имею поражение на коже" (wait, this is actually correct for lesion; but if meant as defeat: use "поражение в бою"). Explanation: Always clarify context to avoid homographic confusion.

• Forgetting declension: Error: "Лечение поражение" (incorrect, as it should be in the correct case). Correct: "Лечение поражения" (genitive case). Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, so pay attention to prepositions and sentence structure.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian medical culture, terms like "поражение" are heavily influenced by Soviet-era terminology, often emphasizing detailed pathological descriptions in healthcare discussions. This reflects a historical focus on comprehensive diagnostics in Russian medicine, which may differ from Western approaches that prioritize quick interventions.

Related Concepts:

• инфекция (infection)
• травма (trauma)
• аномалия (anomaly)