Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'juvenile'

English Word: juvenile

Key Russian Translations:

• юный [ˈjunɨj] - [Adjective, Formal]
• подросток [pədrɐˈstok] - [Noun, Informal]
• ювенильный [juˈvʲenʲɪlʲnɨj] - [Adjective, Technical or Medical Context]

Frequency: Medium (Common in literary, educational, and everyday discussions about youth, but not as frequent as basic everyday words).

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, based on CEFR; requires understanding of basic adjective and noun inflections, with "юный" being slightly easier and "ювенильный" potentially more challenging for learners due to its borrowed structure).

Pronunciation (Russian):

юный: [ˈjunɨj]

Note on юный: The stress is on the first syllable; the "ы" sound is a back vowel, which can be tricky for English speakers used to similar "i" sounds.

подросток: [pədrɐˈstok]

Note on подросток: The stress is on the third syllable; pay attention to the soft "т" sound before "оk".

ювенильный: [juˈvʲenʲɪlʲnɨj]

Note on ювенильный: This is a borrowed word from English/French, so pronunciation is more straightforward, but the palatalized consonants (like "вʲ") may require practice.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Adjective meaning: Relating to young people, youthful, or immature (e.g., in the context of age or development).

Translation(s) & Context:

• юный - Used in formal, literary, or descriptive contexts to describe something young or fresh.
• ювенильный - Applied in technical fields like psychology or law, often for clinical descriptions of juvenile behavior.

Usage Examples:

• Русский пример: В юном возрасте он проявил талант в музыке.

  English: In his youthful age, he showed talent in music.

• Русский пример: Ювенильный преступник был отправлен в специальный центр.

  English: The juvenile offender was sent to a special center.

• Русский пример: Её юный вид придавал ей шарм.

  English: Her youthful appearance gave her charm.

• Русский пример: Юный энтузиаст участвовал в олимпиаде.

  English: The young enthusiast participated in the olympiad.

Noun meaning: A young person, especially a teenager or minor (e.g., in legal or social contexts).

Translation(s) & Context:

• подросток - Common in everyday informal speech for teenagers or adolescents.
• ювенильный - Less common as a noun, but used in formal contexts like "ювенильный делинквент" for juvenile delinquent.

Usage Examples:

• Русский пример: Подросток учится в школе и готовится к экзаменам.

  English: The teenager is studying at school and preparing for exams.

• Русский пример: В суде рассматривался случай ювенильного правонарушения.

  English: The court examined a case of juvenile delinquency.

• Русский пример: Этот подросток проявляет интерес к науке.

  English: This teenager shows interest in science.

• Русский пример: Подростки часто собираются в парке после уроков.

  English: Teenagers often gather in the park after classes.

• Русский пример: Ювениальный период жизни полон открытий.

  English: The juvenile period of life is full of discoveries.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For "юный" (adjective): This is a short-form adjective that follows standard Russian adjectival inflections. It changes based on gender, number, and case.

For "подросток" (noun, masculine): This is a third-declension noun with standard masculine endings.

For "ювенильный" (adjective): Similar to "юный", it inflects like a regular adjective and does not have irregular forms.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: молодой (young, more general); неопытный (inexperienced, for juvenile behavior)
• Antonyms: старый (old); взрослый (adult, often used in contrast to подросток)

Related Phrases:

• Юный возраст - Refers to a young age, often implying innocence or potential.
• Подростковый кризис - Teenage crisis, a common phrase in psychology for adolescent challenges.
• Ювенильный суд - Juvenile court, used in legal contexts for minors.

Usage Notes:

"Juvenile" corresponds most directly to "юный" in everyday descriptive contexts, but "подросток" is better for referring to a person. Use "ювенильный" in formal or specialized fields like medicine to maintain precision. Be mindful of gender and case agreements in Russian sentences, as adjectives like "юный" must match the noun they describe. For informal conversations, "подросток" is preferred over more formal options to sound natural.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using "юный" without proper inflection, e.g., saying "юный девочка" instead of "юная девочка".
  Correct: Ensure adjective agrees in gender and case; explanation: Russian adjectives must concord with the nouns they modify, unlike English.
• Mistake: Confusing "подросток" with "дитя" (child), leading to misuse in teenage contexts.
  Correct: Use "подросток" for ages 13-19; "дитя" is for younger children; explanation: This can alter the intended meaning and make the speaker sound imprecise.
• Mistake: Overusing "ювенильный" in casual speech, e.g., instead of "юный".
  Correct: Reserve it for technical contexts; explanation: It may come across as overly formal or pretentious in everyday Russian.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like "юный" often evoke romanticized ideas of youth from literature (e.g., in works by Pushkin), emphasizing idealism and potential. "Подросток" reflects societal views on adolescence, which can involve strict educational pressures, as seen in the Russian school system, where youth are expected to excel early.

Related Concepts:

• молодёжь
• детство
• взросление