Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'judgement'

English Word: judgement

Key Russian Translations:

• суждение [ˈsuʒdʲenʲje] - [Formal, used in philosophical or general contexts]
• приговор [prʲɪˈɡovor] - [Formal, Legal context, such as court decisions]
• оценка [ɐˈt͡sɛnkə] - [Informal or Neutral, used for evaluations or assessments]

Frequency: Medium (Common in formal writing, legal documents, and everyday discussions, but not as ubiquitous as basic vocabulary)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, based on CEFR; requires understanding of noun declensions and context-specific usage. For 'суждение' and 'приговор', it's B1; for 'оценка', it might be A2 for beginners.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

суждение: [ˈsuʒdʲenʲje]

Note on суждение: The stress is on the first syllable; the 'ж' sound is a voiced palatal fricative, which can be challenging for English speakers—similar to the 's' in 'measure'. Variations may occur in rapid speech.

приговор: [prʲɪˈɡovor]

Note on приговор: Stress on the second syllable; the 'г' is a voiced velar fricative, akin to the 'g' in 'go', but softer in some dialects.

оценка: [ɐˈt͡sɛnkə]

Note on оценка: Stress on the second syllable; the 'ц' is a voiceless alveolar affricate, like 'ts' in 'cats'.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The act of forming an opinion or conclusion (General judgement)

Translation(s) & Context:

• суждение - Used in philosophical or everyday contexts to denote a reasoned opinion, e.g., in debates or personal reflections.
• оценка - Applied in informal settings for quick assessments, such as in reviews or appraisals.

Usage Examples:

• Его суждение о книге было очень точным. (His judgement about the book was very accurate.)

  Translation: His judgement about the book was very accurate. (This example shows 'суждение' in a nominative case for a straightforward opinion.)

• Моё суждение основано на фактах. (My judgement is based on facts.)

  Translation: My judgement is based on facts. (Illustrates 'суждение' in a possessive context, emphasizing evidence.)

• Её оценка ситуации помогла нам принять решение. (Her judgement of the situation helped us make a decision.)

  Translation: Her judgement of the situation helped us make a decision. (Here, 'оценка' is used for a more evaluative judgement in a team setting.)

• Без суждения невозможно жить в обществе. (Without judgement, it's impossible to live in society.)

  Translation: Without judgement, it's impossible to live in society. (Demonstrates 'суждение' in an abstract, philosophical context.)

Meaning 2: A formal decision, especially in a legal context (e.g., court judgement)

Translation(s) & Context:

• приговор - Primarily used in legal or judicial contexts for a final verdict or sentence.

Usage Examples:

• Суд вынес приговор по делу. (The court delivered its judgement in the case.)

  Translation: The court delivered its judgement in the case. (This shows 'приговор' in a direct legal application.)

• Приговор был обжалован в апелляционном суде. (The judgement was appealed in the higher court.)

  Translation: The judgement was appealed in the higher court. (Illustrates 'приговор' with legal procedures.)

• Его приговор повлиял на всю жизнь. (His judgement affected his entire life.)

  Translation: His judgement affected his entire life. (Example in a biographical or reflective context.)

• Приговор суда был справедливым. (The court's judgement was fair.)

  Translation: The court's judgement was fair. (Shows 'приговор' modified by adjectives for emphasis.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

All key translations are nouns and follow standard Russian declension patterns. Below is a table for 'суждение' as a neuter noun; 'приговор' and 'оценка' are masculine and feminine, respectively.

Note: These words have regular declensions; no irregularities, but pay attention to stress shifts in some cases.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • мнение (mnenie) - Opinion; similar to суждение but more casual.
  • вердикт (verdikt) - Verdict; often interchangeable with приговор in legal contexts, borrowed from English.
  • анализ (analiz) - Analysis; a synonym for оценка in evaluative senses, with a focus on detailed examination.
• Antonyms:
  • невежество (nevezhestvo) - Ignorance; opposite of informed judgement.
  • сомнение (somnenie) - Doubt; contrasts with decisive judgement like приговор.

Related Phrases:

• независимое суждение (nezavisimoe sуждenie) - Independent judgement; used in contexts like decision-making or criticism.
• вынести приговор (vynestʹ prigovor) - To pass judgement; a common legal phrase meaning to deliver a verdict.
• дать объективную оценку (datʹ obʺektivnuyu otsenku) - To give an objective judgement; implies fair assessment in professional settings.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, 'judgement' translates variably based on context: use 'суждение' for abstract or philosophical opinions, 'приговор' strictly for legal verdicts, and 'оценка' for appraisals. Be mindful of formality—'суждение' is more formal than 'оценка'. Grammatically, these nouns decline according to Russian cases, so always adjust for sentence structure (e.g., genitive for possession). When choosing between translations, consider the domain: legal texts favor 'приговор', while everyday language prefers 'оценка'.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'суждение' in legal contexts instead of 'приговор'. Correct: Say "Суд вынес приговор" instead of "Суд вынес суждение". Explanation: 'Суждение' implies a general opinion, not a formal verdict, which can confuse the meaning in professional settings.

• Error: Forgetting to decline the noun, e.g., saying "о без суждение" instead of "о без суждения". Correct: Use the genitive form "суждения". Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, and English speakers often overlook this, leading to grammatical errors.

• Error: Overusing 'оценка' for all types of judgement. Correct: Reserve it for evaluations; use 'суждение' for opinions. Explanation: This can make the language sound overly simplistic or misaligned with context.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'приговор' often carries a weighty connotation due to historical contexts like Soviet-era trials, symbolizing state authority and justice. 'Суждение' reflects the Russian intellectual tradition, influenced by philosophers like Dostoevsky, where personal judgement is tied to moral and ethical debates.

Related Concepts:

• решение (resheniye) - Decision
• критика (kritika) - Criticism
• анализ (analiz) - Analysis