Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'jawbone'

English Word: jawbone

Key Russian Translations:

• челюсть [ʧɪˈlʲʊstʲ] - [Formal, Anatomical term]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in medical, anatomical, or everyday conversations about health, but not in casual chit-chat).

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires basic knowledge of Russian nouns and cases, as it is a standard anatomical term in intermediate language learning).

Pronunciation (Russian):

челюсть: [ʧɪˈlʲʊstʲ]

Note on челюсть: The initial "ч" is a voiceless palatal fricative, similar to the "ch" in "church" but softer. Pay attention to the soft sign "ь" which palatalizes the preceding consonant, making it sound more fluid in native speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Anatomical term: The bone of the jaw, specifically the mandible or maxilla.

Translation(s) & Context:

• челюсть - Used in formal medical or biological contexts, such as describing human or animal anatomy.

Usage Examples:

• У него сломана челюсть после несчастного случая.

  He has a broken jawbone after the accident.

• Ветеринар осмотрел челюсть собаки на наличие трещин.

  The veterinarian examined the dog's jawbone for cracks.

• Челюсть человека состоит из верхней и нижней частей.

  The human jawbone consists of upper and lower parts.

• После операции на челюсти пациент должен соблюдать диету.

  After jawbone surgery, the patient must follow a special diet.

• В палеонтологии челюсть динозавра помогает определить его возраст.

  In paleontology, a dinosaur's jawbone helps determine its age.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"челюсть" is a feminine noun (3rd declension in Russian). It follows standard noun inflections for cases, number, and gender. Below is a table of its declensions:

Note: The word is regular in its inflections, with no irregularities, making it straightforward for learners once basic case rules are understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: нижняя челюсть (specifically for the lower jawbone), челюстная кость (jawbone as a bone structure)
• Antonyms: None directly applicable, as this is a specific anatomical term without a clear opposite.

Brief note: "нижняя челюсть" is more precise for the mandible and is often used interchangeably in medical contexts, while "челюстная кость" emphasizes the bony aspect.

Related Phrases:

• сломанная челюсть - Broken jawbone; used in injury descriptions.
• верхняя челюсть - Upper jawbone; refers to the maxilla in dental or medical contexts.
• челюстной сустав - Jawbone joint; common in discussions about TMJ (temporomandibular joint) issues.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "челюсть" directly corresponds to the English "jawbone" in anatomical contexts but can also imply the entire jaw structure. It is typically used in formal or professional settings, such as medicine or biology, rather than everyday conversation. When choosing between translations like "челюсть" and "нижняя челюсть," opt for the latter if specifying the lower jaw. Grammatically, always ensure agreement in gender, number, and case—e.g., use the genitive "челюсти" after prepositions like "of." This word does not have idiomatic uses, so it's a good entry point for learners focusing on concrete vocabulary.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "челюст" without the final "ь" (e.g., saying "челюст" instead of "челюсть").
  Correct: челюсть. Explanation: The soft sign "ь" is essential for the correct pronunciation and meaning; omitting it changes the word entirely.
• Error: Incorrect case usage, such as using nominative "челюсть" in a genitive context (e.g., "болезнь челюсть" instead of "болезнь челюсти").
  Correct: болезнь челюсти. Explanation: In Russian, nouns must agree in case; here, genitive is needed after "болезнь of."
• Error: Confusing with similar words like "череп" (skull), leading to misuse in descriptions.
  Correct: Use "челюсть" specifically for jaw-related terms. Explanation: These are distinct body parts, so context is key to avoid anatomical inaccuracies.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and language, anatomical terms like "челюсть" are often encountered in literature, folklore, and modern media, such as in stories about injuries or in medical dramas. While not carrying specific cultural connotations, it reflects the importance of health and physicality in Russian narratives, as seen in classic works by authors like Tolstoy, where detailed descriptions of injuries humanize characters.

Related Concepts:

• череп (skull)
• зубы (teeth)
• кости (bones)
• суставы (joints)