Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'irritating'

English Word: irritating

Key Russian Translations:

• раздражающий (/rəzˈdraʐəjʊʂʲɪj/) - [Informal, Adjective]
• досадный (/ˈdosədnɨj/) - [Formal, Adjective, Used in more literary or polite contexts]

Frequency: Medium - This word and its translations are commonly encountered in everyday Russian conversations, literature, and media, but not as ubiquitous as basic vocabulary.

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate) - Learners at this level should grasp the concept with practice, as it involves understanding adjective forms and nuanced emotional expressions. For 'раздражающий', it's B1; for 'досадный', it might lean towards B2 due to its more formal tone.

Pronunciation (Russian):

раздражающий: /rəzˈdraʐəjʊʂʲɪj/ - The stress is on the second syllable; note the soft 'ж' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers.

Note on раздражающий: Be careful with the 'ж' (zh) sound, which is similar to the 's' in 'measure'. It doesn't change much in casual speech.

досадный: /ˈdosədnɨj/ - Stress on the first syllable; the 'ы' sound is a neutral vowel, often challenging for beginners.

Note on досадный: This word has a softer, more refined pronunciation in formal settings, with less emphasis on the final 'ый' ending.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Causing annoyance, irritation, or frustration (e.g., something that bothers or disturbs)

Translation(s) & Context:

• раздражающий - Typically used in informal, everyday situations to describe something mildly annoying, such as a sound or behavior.
• досадный - Applied in more formal or reflective contexts, like in literature, to convey deeper frustration or regret.

Usage Examples:

• Этот раздражающий шум от соседей не дает мне сосредоточиться на работе.

  This irritating noise from the neighbors doesn't let me focus on my work.

• Ее досадный комментарий испортил настроение всей вечеринки.

  Her irritating comment ruined the mood of the entire party.

• Раздражающий дождь продолжается уже третий день, и это начинает влиять на мой распорядок.

  The irritating rain has been going on for the third day, and it's starting to affect my routine.

• В фильме был досадный персонаж, который постоянно прерывал главных героев.

  In the movie, there was an irritating character who kept interrupting the main heroes.

• Раздражающий гудок автомобиля разбудил меня посреди ночи.

  The irritating honk of the car woke me up in the middle of the night.

Meaning 2: Provoking a physical or emotional reaction (e.g., in a sensory or interpersonal sense)

Translation(s) & Context:

• раздражающий - Often used for sensory irritants, like smells or sounds, in casual speech.
• досадный - Less common here, but can apply in emotional contexts, such as interpersonal conflicts.

Usage Examples:

• Этот раздражающий запах дыма заполнил всю комнату.

  This irritating smell of smoke filled the entire room.

• Досадный тон его голоса заставил меня почувствовать раздражение.

  His irritating tone of voice made me feel annoyed.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'раздражающий' and 'досадный' are adjectives in Russian, which means they inflect based on gender, number, and case. Russian adjectives follow a standard pattern for most cases, but they can be irregular in certain forms.

Note: These adjectives do not change in short form (e.g., for predicates), and they follow regular adjective declension rules. 'Досадный' is less variable in informal speech and may remain unchanged in fixed phrases.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • раздражающий - Similar to 'бесит' (beseet, more slangy, for strong irritation)
  • досадный - Synonymous with 'неприятный' (nepriyatnyy, meaning unpleasant), but 'досадный' implies a deeper regret.
• Antonyms:
  • приятный (/ˈprʲijətnɨj/) - Pleasant
  • успокаивающий (/ʊspɐˈkaɪvəjʊʂʲɪj/) - Soothing

Related Phrases:

• раздражающий фактор - An irritating factor; used in psychology or everyday complaints to describe a source of annoyance.
• досадный инцидент - An irritating incident; often in formal reports or narratives to highlight unfortunate events.
• раздражающий звук - An irritating sound; common in discussions about noise pollution.

Usage Notes:

'Раздражающий' directly corresponds to 'irritating' in informal English contexts and is versatile for daily use, while 'досадный' is better for more refined or literary expressions. Choose 'раздражающий' for spoken language to avoid sounding overly formal. Be mindful of gender and case agreements in sentences, as Russian adjectives must match the noun they describe. In emotional contexts, 'раздражающий' can intensify with adverbs like 'очень' (very), e.g., 'очень раздражающий' for 'very irritating'.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using 'раздражающий' without proper inflection, e.g., saying 'раздражающий женщина' instead of 'раздражающая женщина'.
  Correct: Ensure agreement, as in 'раздражающая женщина' (irritating woman). Explanation: Russian adjectives must agree in gender, number, and case with their nouns.
• Mistake: Confusing 'раздражающий' with 'раздражительный' (irritable, meaning easily annoyed).
  Correct: Use 'раздражающий' for external irritants; 'раздражительный' for people. Explanation: This mix-up can change the meaning entirely, leading to misunderstandings in conversations.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, expressions of irritation like 'раздражающий' often reflect the value placed on endurance and stoicism, especially in literature by authors like Chekhov. It can carry a subtle connotation of passive frustration rather than direct confrontation, aligning with cultural norms of avoiding overt conflict.

Related Concepts:

• бесит
• неприятный
• успокаивающий