Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'irate'

English Word: irate

Key Russian Translations:

• раздраженный [rəz.drɐ.'ʐɛn.nɨj] - [Informal, Commonly used in everyday contexts]
• сердитый [sʲɪr.'dʲi.tɨj] - [Formal, Often in written or polite speech]
• гневный [ˈɡnʲef.nɨj] - [Formal, Emphasizing intense anger, such as in literary or rhetorical contexts]

Frequency: Medium (The word and its translations are encountered regularly in Russian media, literature, and conversation, but not as ubiquitous as basic emotion words like "sad" or "happy".)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, based on CEFR; requires understanding of adjective inflections and emotional nuances. For 'раздраженный', it's B1; for more formal options like 'гневный', it may approach B2 due to stylistic usage.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

раздраженный: [rəz.drɐ.'ʐɛn.nɨj] (Stress on the third syllable; note the soft 'ж' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers.)

сердитый: [sʲɪr.'dʲi.tɨj] (Emphasize the palatalized 'дʲ'; the 'ы' vowel is a distinct Russian sound.)

гневный: [ˈɡnʲef.nɨj] (The initial 'гн' cluster requires careful articulation; stress on the first syllable.)

Note on раздраженный: This word often has a rolling 'р' in casual speech, and the ending changes with gender and case, which affects pronunciation slightly.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Angry or enraged, often due to irritation or frustration.

Translation(s) & Context:

• раздраженный - Used in informal settings to describe temporary annoyance, such as in daily conversations or casual writing.
• сердитый - Applied in more formal or familial contexts, implying a deeper, sustained anger.
• гневный - Reserved for intense, rhetorical, or literary expressions of anger, often in formal speeches or texts.

Usage Examples:

• Он был раздраженным из-за постоянных задержек в трафике.

  He was irate because of the constant traffic delays.

• Менеджер выглядел сердитым после неудачной встречи с клиентами.

  The manager appeared irate after the unsuccessful meeting with clients.

• Ее гневный взгляд заставил всех замолчать в комнате.

  Her irate glare made everyone fall silent in the room.

• Дети стали раздраженными, когда им пришлось ждать под дождем.

  The children became irate when they had to wait in the rain.

• В письме он использовал сердитый тон, чтобы выразить свое недовольство.

  In the letter, he used an irate tone to express his dissatisfaction.

Meaning 2: Extremely provoked, leading to outward expressions of anger (less common nuance).

Translation(s) & Context:

• гневный - Best for contexts involving public or dramatic displays, such as in debates or conflicts.
• раздраженный - In milder, everyday provocations, like minor inconveniences.

Usage Examples:

• Гневный протест толпы привлек внимание СМИ.

  The irate protest of the crowd drew media attention.

• Он стал раздраженным и начал кричать на коллегу.

  He became irate and started shouting at his colleague.

• Ее раздраженный ответ показал, насколько она была расстроена.

  Her irate response showed how upset she was.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

These translations are adjectives, which inflect based on gender, number, and case in Russian. 'Раздраженный' and 'сердитый' follow standard adjective patterns, while 'гневный' is similar but often used in fixed expressions.

Note: These adjectives are regular and follow the standard first-declension pattern. They do not change in invariable contexts like after certain prepositions.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • возмущенный (vozmushchennyy) - Similar to 'irate' but with a sense of outrage; often used in formal contexts.
  • злой (zloi) - More intense, implying malice; differs from 'раздраженный' by lacking the temporary irritation aspect.
  • недовольный (nedovol'nyi) - Milder synonym, focusing on dissatisfaction rather than full anger.
• Antonyms:
  • спокойный (spokoinyi)
  • уравновешенный (uravnoveshennyi)

Related Phrases:

• быть раздраженным - To be irate; used in expressions of personal frustration. (Common in daily conversations.)
• сердитый взгляд - An irate glare; implies a visual expression of anger. (Often in descriptive narratives.)
• гневный выкрик - An irate outburst; refers to vocal expressions in heated situations. (Applicable in conflicts or protests.)

Usage Notes:

'Irate' corresponds most closely to 'раздраженный' in informal English-Russian contexts, as it conveys temporary annoyance rather than deep-seated rage. Choose 'сердитый' for more formal or familial scenarios to match a polite tone. Be mindful of gender and case agreements in Russian sentences—e.g., 'Он был раздраженным' for masculine subjects. In spoken Russian, these words often appear in emotional dialogues, so context dictates selection; avoid 'гневный' in casual speech to prevent sounding overly dramatic.

• Grammar tip: Always inflect based on the noun it modifies, e.g., 'раздраженная женщина' for a female subject.
• Regional note: In some dialects, these words may vary slightly in intensity, but standard Russian usage is consistent.

Common Errors:

English learners often misuse inflections, such as using the masculine form 'раздраженный' for feminine subjects (e.g., saying 'Она был раздраженный' instead of 'Она была раздраженной'). Correct usage: 'Она была раздраженной'—the adjective must agree in gender, number, and case. Another error is confusing it with 'злой', leading to overstatements; for example, incorrectly translating 'He was mildly irate' as 'Он был злым' (which means 'He was evil/very angry'), when 'Он был раздраженным' is more accurate. Explanation: Russian adjectives require precise agreement to maintain grammatical correctness and avoid altering the intended emotional intensity.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, expressions of anger like those conveyed by 'irate' translations are often suppressed in public settings due to emphasis on emotional restraint and collectivism. However, in literature (e.g., works by Dostoevsky), 'гневный' is used to depict intense internal conflicts, reflecting historical themes of passion and revolution in Russian society.

Related Concepts:

• злой (zloi)
• раздражительный (razdrazhitel'nyi)
• возмущение (vozmushchenie)