Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'intruder'

English Word: intruder

Key Russian Translations:

• вторженец /vtɐrˈʐɛnʲɛts/ - [Formal, used in contexts like security or military]
• нарушитель /nərʊˈʂitʲɪlʲ/ - [Legal or official contexts, such as law enforcement]

Frequency: Medium (Common in discussions about security, crime, or privacy, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, as it involves understanding noun declensions and context-specific usage; for 'вторженец', it's straightforward, but 'нарушитель' may require more nuance)

Pronunciation (Russian):

вторженец: /vtɐrˈʐɛnʲɛts/

нарушитель: /nərʊˈʂitʲɪlʲ/

Note on вторженец: The 'ж' sound is a voiced postalveolar fricative, similar to the 's' in 'measure' in English; stress falls on the third syllable, which can be tricky for beginners.

Note on нарушитель: The 'ш' is a voiceless postalveolar fricative, like 'sh' in 'she'; pay attention to the soft sign 'ь' affecting the preceding consonant.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: An unauthorized person who enters a private or restricted area, often implying illegal or unwanted intrusion.

Translation(s) & Context:

• 'вторженец' - Used in formal or security-related contexts, such as home invasions or digital breaches.
• 'нарушитель' - Applied in legal settings, like trespassing laws or regulatory violations.

Usage Examples:

• Вторженец проник в дом через заднюю дверь. (Vtorzhenets pronik v dom cherez zadnyuyu dver'.)

  The intruder entered the house through the back door.

• Полиция арестовала нарушителя, который пытался взломать систему. (Politsiya arestovala narushitelya, kotoryy pytalsya vzlomat' sistemu.)

  The police arrested the intruder who tried to hack the system.

• В случае вторженца, немедленно вызовите охрану. (V sluchae vtorzhnetsa, nemedlenno vyzyvayte okhranu.)

  In case of an intruder, call security immediately.

• Нарушитель был пойман камерами видеонаблюдения. (Narushitel' byl poyman kamerami videonablyudeniya.)

  The intruder was caught on surveillance cameras.

• Этот вторженец оставил следы в саду. (Etot vtorzhenets ostavil sledy v sadu.)

  This intruder left footprints in the garden, showing how the word can describe physical evidence in narratives.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'вторженец' and 'нарушитель' are masculine nouns in Russian, which means they follow standard first-declension patterns for animate nouns. They change based on case, number, and gender agreement. 'Вторженец' is irregular in some forms due to its root, while 'нарушитель' is more predictable.

Note: These nouns do not change for gender but must agree with adjectives and verbs in sentences.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • взломщик (vzlomshchik) - More specific to burglars; implies breaking and entering.
  • проникатель (pronikatel') - Focuses on the act of sneaking in, often stealthily.
• Antonyms:
  • гость (guest) - A welcomed visitor, contrasting the unwanted nature of an intruder.
  • житель (zhitel') - A resident or inhabitant, implying legitimate presence.

Related Phrases:

• Вторжение в частную собственность (Vtorzhenie v chastnuyu sobstvennost') - Intrusion into private property; used in legal discussions.
• Нарушитель границ (Narushitel' granits) - Border intruder; common in international or security contexts.
• Предотвратить вторжение (Predotvratit' vtorzhenie) - To prevent an intrusion; a phrase for security measures, with the meaning: to stop unauthorized entry.

Usage Notes:

'Intruder' translates most directly to 'вторженец' in formal contexts, but 'нарушитель' is preferred in legal or official settings. Be mindful of the noun's gender and case agreements in Russian sentences. For example, use the genitive case when indicating possession, like 'следы вторженца' (traces of the intruder). If the context involves technology, 'взломщик' might be more appropriate. English speakers should note that Russian often requires specifying the method of intrusion for more precision.

• Choose 'вторженец' for physical invasions and 'нарушитель' for abstract or regulatory breaches.
• Grammar tip: Always decline the noun based on its role in the sentence to avoid sounding unnatural.

Common Errors:

English learners often misuse case endings, such as saying 'вторженец' in the nominative when the accusative is needed, e.g., incorrect: 'Я видел вторженец' (I saw intruder) – Correct: 'Я видел вторженца'. Another error is confusing it with 'вторжение' (invasion, a neuter noun), leading to gender agreement mistakes. Explanation: Russian requires strict case alignment, so always check the sentence structure; for example, in 'Арестуйте нарушителя!' (Arrest the intruder!), the accusative form is essential.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, the concept of an 'intruder' often ties to historical events like invasions during wars (e.g., World War II), evoking strong emotions of defense and patriotism. Terms like 'вторженец' can carry connotations of foreign threats, reflecting Russia's emphasis on border security and personal privacy in a post-Soviet context.

Related Concepts:

• взлом (vzlom) - Breaking and entering
• охранная система (okhrannaya sistema) - Security system
• преступник (prestupnik) - Criminal