Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'immigration'

English Word: immigration

Key Russian Translations:

• иммиграция (/ɪmʲɪɡraˈtsɨjə/) - [Formal, Used in legal, political, and academic contexts]
• въезд на постоянное место жительства (/vʲɛst nɑ pɑstɐjɑnnɨje mʲɛstə ʒɨzɲɨ/) - [Formal, More descriptive phrase, Used in bureaucratic or official documents]

Frequency: Medium (Common in discussions of politics, international relations, and news, but less frequent in everyday casual conversation)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, per CEFR; requires understanding of abstract concepts and nominal structures, with the first translation being straightforward for learners, while the second may vary slightly in complexity)

Pronunciation (Russian):

иммиграция: /ɪmʲɪɡraˈtsɨjə/ (Stress on the fourth syllable; the 'й' sound is a soft palatal approximant, which can be challenging for English speakers)

въезд на постоянное место жительства: /vʲɛst nɑ pɑstɐjɑnnɨje mʲɛstə ʒɨzɲɨ/ (Multiple syllables with soft consonants; focus on the rolling 'r' in 'въезд')

Note on иммиграция: The initial 'и' is pronounced as a short 'i' sound, similar to 'ee' in "see," but be cautious with the soft 'г' which affects the preceding vowel.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: The process of people moving to a new country to live permanently, often for work, study, or refuge.

Translation(s) & Context:

• иммиграция - Used in formal contexts like policy discussions or news articles about population movement.
• въезд на постоянное место жительства - Employed in legal or administrative settings, such as visa applications, to emphasize permanent residency.

Usage Examples:

• В России иммиграция из бывших советских республик остается значительной проблемой.

  In Russia, immigration from the former Soviet republics remains a significant issue.

• Правительство ввело новые правила для упрощения иммиграции квалифицированных специалистов.

  The government has introduced new rules to simplify immigration for qualified specialists.

• Его семья прошла через сложный процесс въезда на постоянное место жительства в Канаду.

  His family went through a complicated process of immigration for permanent residency in Canada.

• Иммиграция может привести к культурному обогащению общества, но также вызывает дебаты о ресурсах.

  Immigration can lead to cultural enrichment of society but also sparks debates about resources.

• Въезд на постоянное место жительства требует не только визы, но и доказательства финансовой стабильности.

  Immigration for permanent residency requires not only a visa but also proof of financial stability.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are nouns. "Иммиграция" is a feminine noun (first declension), which follows regular patterns in Russian grammar. It inflects based on case, number, and gender. "Въезд на постоянное место жительства" is a phrase, so its components inflect individually; "въезд" is masculine and follows second declension rules.

For "въезд", as a masculine noun: Nominative singular - въезд; Genitive singular - въезда; etc. This phrase does not change as a whole but its parts do, making it less inflected overall.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • миграция (/mʲɪɡraˈtsɨjə/) - More general term for any type of migration, often used interchangeably in broader contexts.
  • переселение (/pʲɪrʲɪsʲɪˈlʲenʲɪje/) - Emphasizes relocation, suitable for historical or rural contexts.
• Antonyms:
  • эмиграция (/ɛmʲɪɡraˈtsɨjə/) - The process of leaving one's country to live elsewhere.
  • эмигрирование (/ɛmʲɪɡrʲɪrəˈvanʲɪje/) - A more active form of emigration, focusing on the act of leaving.

Related Phrases:

• иммиграционная политика (/ɪmʲɪɡraˈtsɨjənəjə pɑlʲɪˈtʲikə/) - Immigration policy; Refers to government strategies for managing population inflows.
• иммигрантский поток (/ɪmʲɪɡraˈtsɨjənskʲɪj pɑˈtok/) - Immigrant flow; Used to describe patterns of migration in demographic studies.
• легальная иммиграция (/lʲɪɡalʲnəjə ɪmʲɪɡraˈtsɨjə/) - Legal immigration; Contrasts with illegal migration in legal contexts.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "иммиграция" directly corresponds to the English "immigration" and is preferred in formal writing or speeches, while "въезд на постоянное место жительства" is more precise for administrative processes. Be mindful of context: use "иммиграция" for general discussions and the longer phrase in official documents. Grammatically, as a feminine noun, it requires agreement in gender and case (e.g., adjectives must match). When choosing between translations, opt for "иммиграция" for brevity in everyday English-to-Russian translation, but consider cultural nuances in Russia where immigration often ties to historical events like the Soviet era.

Common Errors:

• Confusing "иммиграция" with "эмиграция": English learners often mix these up. Error: Using "иммиграция" to mean leaving a country. Correct: "Эмиграция" for emigration. Explanation: The prefix "им-" indicates "in" (entering), while "э-" indicates "out" (exiting).
• Incorrect inflection: Forgetting to change cases, e.g., saying "иммиграция" in genitive as "иммиграция" instead of "иммиграции". Error example: "Проблема иммиграция" (wrong). Correct: "Проблема иммиграции". Explanation: Russian requires case agreement for proper sentence structure.

Cultural Notes:

In Russia, "иммиграция" often carries connotations of post-Soviet migration from countries like Ukraine or Central Asia, influenced by historical ties and economic factors. It can evoke debates on national identity and integration, reflecting Russia's complex history with the USSR's dissolution in 1991, where many ethnic Russians immigrated back to Russia.

Related Concepts:

• виза (/ˈvʲizə/)
• гражданство (/ɡrɑʒdɑnˈstvo/)
• беженство (/bʲɪˈʐɛnstvə/)