Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'hurt'

English Word: hurt

Key Russian Translations:

• болеть [bɐˈlʲetʲ] - [Informal, used for ongoing physical pain]
• ранить [raˈnʲitʲ] - [Formal, used for causing injury]
• обиделть [ɐbʲiˈdʲetʲ] - [Emotional context, informal for offending or hurting feelings]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in everyday conversations, medical contexts, and emotional discussions)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, per CEFR; requires basic understanding of verb conjugations and context-specific usage; for "обиделть", it may vary to A2 for simple emotional expressions)

Pronunciation (Russian):

болеть: [bɐˈlʲetʲ]

ранить: [raˈnʲitʲ]

обиделть: [ɐbʲiˈdʲetʲ]

Note on болеть: The stress is on the second syllable; be mindful of the soft 'л' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers due to the palatalization.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Physical Pain or Injury (e.g., as a verb or noun)

Translation(s) & Context:

• болеть - Used in informal settings for describing ongoing aches or pains, such as in health-related conversations.
• ранить - Applied in formal or serious contexts, like accidents or injuries, emphasizing physical harm.

Usage Examples:

• Моя нога болит после пробежки. (My leg hurts after the run.)

  Translation: My leg hurts after the run. (This example shows "болит" in a simple present tense for ongoing pain.)

• Он случайно ранил себя ножом. (He accidentally hurt himself with a knife.)

  Translation: He accidentally hurt himself with a knife. (Illustrates "ранил" in a past tense for a specific injury event.)

• Боль в спине не проходит. (The hurt in my back won't go away.)

  Translation: The hurt in my back won't go away. (Demonstrates "боль" as a noun for persistent pain.)

• Я не могу бежать, потому что нога сильно болит. (I can't run because my leg hurts badly.)

  Translation: I can't run because my leg hurts badly. (Shows "болит" in a compound sentence with adverbial modification.)

Emotional Hurt or Offense

Translation(s) & Context:

• обиделть - Informal for emotional pain, often in personal relationships or arguments.

Usage Examples:

• Его слова обидели меня. (His words hurt me.)

  Translation: His words hurt me. (This highlights "обиделть" in a past tense for emotional impact.)

• Не обижай друзей своими шутками. (Don't hurt your friends with your jokes.)

  Translation: Don't hurt your friends with your jokes. (Shows imperative form in advice-giving contexts.)

• Я был обижен её поведением. (I was hurt by her behavior.)

  Translation: I was hurt by her behavior. (Illustrates past passive construction for emotional scenarios.)

• Обида от предательства долго не проходит. (The hurt from betrayal doesn't go away quickly.)

  Translation: The hurt from betrayal doesn't go away quickly. (Uses "обида" as a noun for prolonged emotional pain.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For verbs like "болеть" and "ранить", Russian verbs follow conjugation patterns based on aspect (perfective/imperfective). "Болеть" is imperfective, while "ранить" can be perfective in some forms.

Note: Nouns like "боль" (hurt/pain) are feminine and decline as: Nominative - боль, Genitive - боли, Dative - боли, etc. It remains unchanged in plural forms for abstract concepts.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • болезнь (for physical hurt, similar to illness)
  • причинить боль (synonym phrase for causing hurt)
  • оскорбить (for emotional hurt, with a nuance of insult)
• Antonyms:
  • лечить (to heal, opposite of physical hurt)
  • успокоить (to soothe, opposite of emotional hurt)

Explanation: "Оскорбить" as a synonym for "обиделть" carries a stronger connotation of deliberate offense, often in formal settings.

Related Phrases:

• Боль в сердце - (Pain in the heart; refers to emotional hurt, often used metaphorically.)
• Причинить вред - (To cause harm; a formal phrase for physical or emotional hurt.)
• Обида на кого-то - (Grudge against someone; implies lingering emotional hurt with interpersonal context.)

Usage Notes:

Russian translations for "hurt" depend on context: use "болеть" for physical sensations like aches, which is more informal and common in daily life. "Ранить" is better for acute injuries and has a formal tone. For emotional hurt, "обиделть" aligns closely but may imply deeper offense than the English "hurt." Be cautious with gender agreements in past tenses, as Russian verbs change based on the subject's gender. When choosing between translations, opt for "болеть" in medical dialogues and "обиделть" in personal conversations.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using "болеть" for emotional hurt, e.g., saying "Мои чувства болят" instead of "Мои чувства обижены."
  Correct: "Обижены" is more appropriate for emotions. Explanation: "Болеть" is strictly for physical pain, leading to confusion in emotional contexts.
• Mistake: Forgetting verb aspects, e.g., using "ранить" in present tense when it should be perfective.
  Correct: Use "раню" for future actions. Explanation: English speakers often overlook Russian's perfective/imperfective distinction, resulting in tense errors.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, expressions of hurt, especially emotional ones like "обида," often tie into concepts of honor and relationships. For instance, "обида" can stem from historical contexts like personal betrayals in literature (e.g., in Dostoevsky's works), emphasizing enduring resentment as a cultural trope rather than quick forgiveness.

Related Concepts:

• страдание (suffering)
• травма (trauma)
• гнев (anger)