Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'hop'

English Word: hop

Key Russian Translations:

• прыгать [prɨˈɡatʲ] - [Informal, Verb, Used for light, bouncy jumps]
• хмель [xmʲelʲ] - [Formal, Noun, Refers to the plant in botanical or brewing contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in everyday conversation for 'to hop', less so for 'hop' as in hops plant)

Difficulty: B1 for прыгать (Intermediate, as it involves verb conjugation); A2 for хмель (Beginner, as it's a simple noun)

Pronunciation (Russian):

прыгать: [prɨˈɡatʲ]

Note on прыгать: The stress falls on the second syllable; be careful with the rolled 'r' sound, which is a common challenge for English speakers. This verb has imperfective aspect variations.

Audio: []

хмель: [xmʲelʲ]

Note on хмель: The initial 'х' is a voiceless velar fricative, similar to the 'ch' in Scottish 'loch'; pronunciation is straightforward for a noun with no major variations.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: To jump lightly or bounce (Verb form of 'hop')

Translation(s) & Context:

• прыгать - Used in informal, everyday contexts, such as describing animal movements or playful actions.

Usage Examples:

• Кролик прыгает по полю. (The rabbit is hopping through the field.)

  English: The rabbit is hopping through the field. (This shows the verb in a simple present context with a subject.)

• Дети прыгают на батуте. (The children are hopping on the trampoline.)

  English: The children are hopping on the trampoline. (Illustrates plural subject and recreational use.)

• Он прыгает, чтобы достать книгу с полки. (He is hopping to reach the book on the shelf.)

  English: He is hopping to reach the book on the shelf. (Demonstrates the verb in a purposeful action.)

• Прыгай выше, чтобы увидеть вид! (Hop higher to see the view!)

  English: Hop higher to see the view! (Used in imperative form for commands.)

• Весной зайцы прыгают по снегу. (In spring, hares hop through the snow.)

  English: In spring, hares hop through the snow. (Shows seasonal or descriptive context.)

Meaning 2: The plant used in brewing beer (Noun form of 'hop')

Translation(s) & Context:

• хмель - Used in formal or technical contexts, such as botany, agriculture, or beer production.

Usage Examples:

• Хмель является ключевым ингредиентом в пивоварении. (Hops are a key ingredient in brewing beer.)

  English: Hops are a key ingredient in brewing beer. (This highlights the noun in a factual statement.)

• Фермеры выращивают хмель в этом регионе. (Farmers grow hops in this region.)

  English: Farmers grow hops in this region. (Shows the noun in a plural, agricultural context.)

• Без хмеля пиво не будет иметь правильный вкус. (Without hops, beer won't have the proper flavor.)

  English: Without hops, beer won't have the proper flavor. (Illustrates the noun in a conditional sentence.)

• Этот сорт хмеля популярен в России. (This variety of hops is popular in Russia.)

  English: This variety of hops is popular in Russia. (Demonstrates specificity and cultural reference.)

• Хмель добавляют на этапе варки. (Hops are added during the brewing stage.)

  English: Hops are added during the brewing stage. (Used in a process description.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For прыгать (an imperfective verb), it follows standard first-conjugation patterns with variations by tense, aspect, and person. It is irregular in some forms due to its root.

For хмель (a masculine noun, 2nd declension), it has regular inflections:

Note: хмель does not change in some cases and is invariant in its base form.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms for прыгать: скакать (skakat' - more for galloping or leaping), подпрыгивать (podprygivat' - to bounce lightly; often used interchangeably in informal contexts)
• Synonyms for хмель: None direct, but related: лен (len - flax, in agricultural contexts)
• Antonyms for прыгать: ползти (polzt' - to crawl)
• Antonyms for хмель: Not applicable, as it's a specific noun.

Related Phrases:

• Прыгать как заяц - Jumps like a hare (Used to describe energetic or playful movements.)
• Хмель в пиве - Hops in beer (Refers to the role of hops in flavoring beverages.)
• Собирать хмель - To harvest hops (Common in agricultural or brewing discussions.)

Usage Notes:

When translating 'hop' as прыгать, note that it specifically conveys an imperfective action, implying ongoing or repeated jumping, unlike a one-time leap (which might use прыгнуть). For 'hop' as in the plant, хмель is the precise term in Russian, often limited to formal or professional contexts like brewing. English speakers should choose прыгать for informal scenarios and be mindful of verb aspect to match the intended continuity. If multiple translations apply, prioritize based on context: e.g., use прыгать for animals or children, and хмель for botanical topics.

Common Errors:

• English learners often confuse прыгать with прыгнуть (to jump once), using прыгать incorrectly for perfective actions. Correct: Use прыгнуть for a single jump, e.g., "Он прыгнул высоко" (He jumped high) instead of "Он прыгал высоко" which implies repeated jumping.
• For хмель, beginners might misuse it as a verb or in wrong cases, e.g., saying "хмельный" (hoppy, as in beer) when meaning the plant itself. Correct: Specify the noun form properly, like "хмель в рецепте" (hops in the recipe).

Cultural Notes:

Хмель is culturally significant in Russia due to the country's long history of beer production, with hops being a staple in traditional brewing. In folklore, прыгать might appear in children's stories or dances, symbolizing agility and joy, reflecting Russian cultural emphasis on physical expression in folk traditions.

Related Concepts:

• скакать (to gallop)
• прыжок (jump, as a noun)
• пивоварение (brewing)