Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'hacienda'

English Word: hacienda

Key Russian Translations:

• поместье [pɐˈmʲesʲtʲjɪ] - [Formal, often used in historical or literary contexts]
• усадьба [ʊˈsadʲbə] - [Informal, with a focus on rural estates; Plural: усадьбы]

Frequency: Low (This term is not commonly used in everyday Russian conversation; it's more prevalent in literature, history, or discussions about foreign cultures.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; Requires understanding of cultural contexts and noun inflections, as it involves specific vocabulary not typically covered in beginner levels.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

поместье: [pɐˈmʲesʲtʲjɪ] (Stress on the second syllable; the 'мь' sound is palatalized, which can be challenging for English speakers.)

усадьба: [ʊˈsadʲbə] (Stress on the second syllable; note the soft 'дʲ' sound, similar to a 'dy' in "dye.")

Note on поместье: The pronunciation may vary slightly in regional dialects, with a more emphatic 'е' sound in southern Russia. Pay attention to the palatalization for accurate articulation.

Note on усадьба: This word often has a rolled 'р' in some accents, though standard pronunciation uses a soft 'р' sound.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

A large estate or plantation, typically in Spanish-speaking countries, often associated with agriculture and historical land ownership.

Translation(s) & Context:

• поместье - Used in formal, historical, or literary contexts to describe a large rural estate, often implying grandeur or historical significance.
• усадьба - Applied in more everyday or informal settings, referring to a country house or estate, but can extend to the concept of a hacienda in cultural discussions.

Usage Examples:

• В старой гасиенде в Мексике жила большая семья землевладельцев.

  In the old hacienda in Mexico, a large family of landowners lived.

• Поместье было центром сельскохозяйственной деятельности в колониальный период.

  The hacienda was the center of agricultural activity during the colonial period.

• Усадьба, похожая на гасиенду, теперь превращена в музей.

  The estate, resembling a hacienda, has now been turned into a museum.

• В романе описывается жизнь на поместье с рабским трудом, как в типичной гасиенде.

  The novel describes life on an estate with forced labor, like in a typical hacienda.

• Местные жители восстанавливают усадьбу, чтобы сохранить традиции, связанные с гасиендой.

  Local residents are restoring the estate to preserve traditions associated with the hacienda.

Another meaning: A term sometimes used metaphorically for a large, self-contained property or business operation.

Translation(s) & Context:

• поместье - In metaphorical use, for a vast business empire or property holding.
• усадьба - Less common metaphorically, but can imply a family-run operation.

Usage Examples:

• Его поместье в бизнесе напоминает гасиенду с множеством филиалов.

  His business empire resembles a hacienda with numerous branches.

• Усадьба компании стала символом успеха, как классическая гасиенда.

  The company's headquarters has become a symbol of success, like a classic hacienda.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "поместье" and "усадьба" are neuter nouns in Russian, following the third declension pattern. They inflect based on case, number, and gender agreements. "Поместье" is less commonly used and can be invariant in some fixed phrases, while "усадьба" has standard inflections.

Note: These nouns do not change for gender but follow standard Russian declension rules. "Поместье" is often used in singular form and may remain unchanged in idiomatic expressions.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • имение (imɨˈnʲije) - Similar to an estate but with a focus on ownership; often interchangeable in historical contexts.
  • дворец (dvɐˈrʲɛts) - For grander estates, implying a palace-like structure; more formal than усадьба.
• Antonyms:
  • городская квартира (gorodskaja kvɐrˈtʲirə) - Urban apartment; contrasts with rural estates.
  • квартира (kvɐrˈtʲirə) - General term for an apartment, emphasizing non-rural living.

Related Phrases:

• Старое поместье (Old estate) - Refers to a historic hacienda-like property, often in cultural or tourism contexts.
• Усадьба с парком (Estate with a park) - Describes a landscaped property, similar to a hacienda's grounds, used in leisure or historical descriptions.
• Поместье в Латинской Америке (Estate in Latin America) - A phrase linking directly to the concept of a hacienda, used in educational or travel discussions.

Usage Notes:

When translating "hacienda" to Russian, "поместье" is the most precise for formal or historical contexts, while "усадьба" suits everyday or cultural references. Be mindful of the word's connotations: it often implies colonial or agrarian history, so use it in contexts involving Latin American culture. Grammatically, these nouns require case agreement (e.g., in prepositional phrases like "в поместье"). For English speakers, choose "поместье" for direct equivalents and "усадьба" for broader rural estate meanings to avoid overgeneralization.

• Limit "усадьба" to informal settings, as it can sound less grandiose than "hacienda."
• In sentences, ensure proper inflection to match the sentence structure, as Russian nouns change based on role.

Common Errors:

English learners often confuse "поместье" with "дворец" (palace), using it for any large building. Error: "Я посетил дворец в Мексике" (meaning a hacienda). Correct: "Я посетил поместье в Мексике." Explanation: "Дворец" implies royalty, while "поместье" fits agricultural estates. Another error is neglecting inflections, e.g., saying "в поместье" incorrectly as "в поместья." Always check case endings for accuracy.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like "поместье" evoke images of 19th-century Russian estates from literature (e.g., Tolstoy's works), which share similarities with haciendas in terms of land ownership and social hierarchy. However, "hacienda" specifically ties to Latin American colonial history, involving Spanish influence and often exploitation, which adds a layer of sensitivity in discussions.

Related Concepts:

• плантация (plantation)
• имение (estate or manor)
• деревня (village, often associated with rural life)