Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'hate'

English Word: hate

Key Russian Translations:

• ненависть [nʲɪˈnavʲɪsʲtʲ] - [Noun, Formal]
• ненавидеть [nʲɪnɐˈvʲidʲɪtʲ] - [Verb, Informal]

Frequency: Medium (commonly used in literature, discussions, and everyday conversations about emotions).

Difficulty: For 'ненависть' - B2 (Intermediate, as it involves noun declensions); For 'ненавидеть' - B1 (Lower Intermediate, basic verb conjugation).

Pronunciation (Russian):

ненависть: [nʲɪˈnavʲɪsʲtʲ]

Note on ненависть: The stress is on the second syllable; be careful with the palatalized 'n' sound, which is common in Russian nouns.

ненавидеть: [nʲɪnɐˈvʲidʲɪtʲ]

Note on ненавидеть: This is a verb with stress on the third syllable in the infinitive; pronunciation may vary slightly in different regions, but the standard is as above.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Noun: Intense dislike or hostility towards someone or something

Translation(s) & Context:

• ненависть - Used in formal, literary, or emotional contexts to express deep-seated animosity, often in discussions of relationships or social issues.

Usage Examples:

• Его ненависть к несправедливости была очевидной во всех его речах.

  His hate for injustice was evident in all his speeches.

• В её глазах мелькнула ненависть, когда она услышала эту новость.

  Hate flashed in her eyes when she heard that news.

• Ненависть между двумя семьями длилась годами, разрушая их жизни.

  The hate between the two families lasted for years, destroying their lives.

• Глубокая ненависть к войне заставила его стать активистом мира.

  Deep hate for war made him become a peace activist.

Verb: To feel intense dislike or detest something or someone

Translation(s) & Context:

• ненавидеть - Used in informal or everyday speech to convey strong negative emotions, often in personal narratives or arguments.

Usage Examples:

• Я ненавижу, когда люди лгут без причины.

  I hate it when people lie for no reason.

• Она ненавидела свою работу, но не могла найти другую.

  She hated her job but couldn't find another one.

• Дети ненавидят есть овощи, но родители настаивают.

  Children hate eating vegetables, but parents insist.

• Он ненавидел дождливые дни, потому что они напоминали ему о грустных воспоминаниях.

  He hated rainy days because they reminded him of sad memories.

• Мы ненавидим несправедливость, но иногда игнорируем её.

  We hate injustice, but sometimes we ignore it.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

For 'ненависть' (feminine noun, third declension):

This noun follows standard Russian feminine noun patterns with some irregularities in certain cases. It is invariable in plural forms in most contexts.

For 'ненавидеть' (verb, imperfective aspect):

This is an irregular verb that conjugates based on person, number, and tense. It has an imperfective aspect, meaning it describes ongoing or repeated actions.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • вражда (vragda) - More about conflict or enmity, often in group contexts.
  • отвращение (otvraschenie) - Implies disgust rather than pure hate.
• Antonyms:
  • любовь (lyubov') - Love, the opposite emotional extreme.
  • симпатия (simpatya) - Sympathy or liking.

Related Phrases:

• Чувствовать ненависть - To feel hate; used to describe emerging emotions in personal stories.
• Полная ненависть - Complete hate; emphasizes intensity in dramatic contexts.
• Ненавидеть до глубины души - To hate to the depths of one's soul; a fixed expression for profound detestation.

Usage Notes:

'Hate' as a noun translates most accurately to 'ненависть' in formal or written Russian, while as a verb, 'ненавидеть' is the direct equivalent in everyday speech. Be mindful of the aspect in verbs; 'ненавидеть' is imperfective, so for completed actions, pair it with perfective forms like 'возненавидеть'. In Russian culture, expressing hate openly is less common in polite conversation, so these words are often used in literature or heated discussions. When choosing between translations, use 'ненависть' for abstract concepts and 'ненавидеть' for actions.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using 'ненависть' as a verb, e.g., saying "Я ненависть это" instead of "Я ненавижу это".
  Correct: "Я ненавижу это" (I hate this). Explanation: 'Ненависть' is a noun and cannot conjugate; always pair it with a verb like 'чувствовать' if needed.
• Mistake: Incorrect conjugation of 'ненавидеть', e.g., saying "Я ненавид" instead of "Я ненавижу".
  Correct: "Я ненавижу" (I hate). Explanation: Russian verbs require full conjugation based on subject; omitting endings is a common error for English speakers used to simpler verb forms.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like 'ненависть' and 'ненавидеть' often appear in literature (e.g., Dostoevsky's works) to explore deep emotional and moral conflicts. They carry a strong connotation of internal struggle, reflecting historical themes of resilience against adversity, such as in Soviet-era narratives where hate towards oppression was a motif for resistance.

Related Concepts:

• гнев (gnev) - Anger
• ревность (revnost') - Jealousy
• любовь (lyubov') - Love