Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'hygroscopic'

English Word: hygroscopic

Key Russian Translations:

• гигроскопический [ɡɪɡrɐskɐˈpʲit͡ɕɪskʲɪj] - [Formal, Scientific]

Frequency: Low (Primarily used in specialized scientific and technical contexts, such as chemistry or material science, rather than everyday conversation.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate - Requires familiarity with Russian scientific vocabulary and adjective declensions; suitable for learners with a solid intermediate grasp of the language.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

гигроскопический: [ɡɪɡrɐskɐˈpʲit͡ɕɪskʲɪj]

Note on гигроскопический: The stress falls on the fourth syllable ("pʲit͡ɕɪ"), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the cluster of consonants. The "щ" sound is a soft, voiceless fricative, similar to "sh" but more palatalized.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning: Tending to absorb moisture from the air, especially in scientific or chemical contexts.

Translation(s) & Context:

• гигроскопический - Used in formal scientific discussions, such as describing materials that interact with humidity; common in chemistry, physics, and engineering contexts.

Usage Examples:

• Этот материал гигроскопический, поэтому он легко впитывает влагу из окружающего воздуха.

  This material is hygroscopic, so it easily absorbs moisture from the surrounding air.

• Гигроскопические свойства соли делают её идеальной для использования в осушителях.

  The hygroscopic properties of salt make it ideal for use in desiccants.

• В лабораторных условиях гигроскопический порошок должен храниться в герметичных контейнерах.

  In laboratory conditions, hygroscopic powder should be stored in airtight containers.

• Из-за гигроскопического характера ткани, она может деформироваться при высокой влажности.

  Due to the hygroscopic nature of the fabric, it can deform in high humidity.

• Гигроскопический эффект часто учитывается при проектировании упаковки для пищевых продуктов.

  The hygroscopic effect is often considered when designing packaging for food products.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Гигроскопический is an adjective in Russian, which means it changes based on gender, number, and case. It follows the standard first-declension adjective pattern, which is regular but requires attention to endings. Below is a table outlining its key inflections:

Note: This adjective does not have irregular forms, but always ensure agreement with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and case.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • влагопоглощающий (vlagopogloshchayushchiy) - Similar, but more general, often used interchangeably in everyday technical contexts.
  • гигроскопичный (hygroskopicheskiy) - A less formal variant, with subtle differences in emphasis on moisture absorption.
• Antonyms:
  • негигроскопический (negigroskopicheskiy) - Directly opposite, meaning non-hygroscopic.
  • гидрофобный (gidrofobnyy) - Meaning hydrophobic, used in contexts where repulsion of water is key.

Related Phrases:

• гигроскопические вещества - Hygroscopic substances; Refers to materials that absorb moisture, commonly discussed in chemistry.
• эффект гигроскопичности - Hygroscopic effect; Describes the phenomenon in scientific analyses.
• гигроскопический баланс - Hygroscopic balance; A term for equilibrium in moisture absorption, used in material science.

Usage Notes:

Гигроскопический directly corresponds to the English "hygroscopic" and is typically used in formal or technical settings, such as scientific papers or educational materials. Be mindful of its declension to match the noun it describes—e.g., use the feminine form with a feminine noun like "ткань" (fabric). In everyday Russian, simpler alternatives like "влагопоглощающий" might be preferred for clarity. When choosing between translations, opt for гигроскопический in precise scientific contexts to maintain accuracy.

Common Errors:

• Error: Failing to decline the adjective correctly, e.g., using "гигроскопический" with a feminine noun like "вода" (water), resulting in "гигроскопический вода" (incorrect).

  Correct: "гигроскопическая вода" (hygroscopic water). Explanation: Russian adjectives must agree in gender, number, and case; this mistake can make the sentence grammatically incorrect and confusing.

• Error: Confusing it with "гидроскопический," which doesn't exist; learners might invent similar-sounding words.

  Correct: Stick to "гигроскопический." Explanation: Always verify scientific terms against reliable sources to avoid creating non-standard vocabulary.

Cultural Notes:

Гигроскопический is a technical term without strong cultural connotations in Russian. However, it reflects Russia's emphasis on scientific education and research, particularly in fields like chemistry and material science, influenced by historical figures such as Dmitri Mendeleev. In practical contexts, it's relevant in Russia's climate, where humidity variations affect everyday materials.

Related Concepts:

• гидрофильный (hydrophilic)
• абсорбция (absorption)
• влажность (humidity)