Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'gibbous'

English Word: gibbous

Key Russian Translations:

• Выпуклый [vɨˈpuklɨj] - [Formal; used in scientific or descriptive contexts, such as astronomy]
• Выпуклая луна [vɨˈpukləjə ˈlunə] - [Formal; specifically for lunar phases, e.g., when referring to the moon's appearance]

Frequency: Medium - The term is commonly encountered in scientific, astronomical, or descriptive texts, but not in everyday casual conversation.

Difficulty: Intermediate (B1) - Requires basic understanding of astronomical terms and Russian adjective inflections; for "Выпуклый," it's straightforward, but contextual usage may vary.

Pronunciation (Russian):

Выпуклый: [vɨˈpuklɨj]

Выпуклая луна: [vɨˈpukləjə ˈlunə]

Note on Выпуклый: The stress falls on the second syllable; be mindful of the soft sign (ы) which can be tricky for English speakers. Variations in regional accents may slightly alter vowel sounds.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Of the moon, having more than half but not all of the visible portion illuminated (astronomical context).

Translation(s) & Context:

• Выпуклая луна - Used in formal astronomical descriptions, such as in scientific articles or educational materials, to describe the waxing or waning gibbous phase.

Usage Examples:

• Русский例句: В фазе выпуклой луны небо кажется особенно загадочным.

  English translation: In the gibbous moon phase, the sky seems especially mysterious.

• Русский пример: Астрономы наблюдают за выпуклой луной, чтобы изучить её поверхность.

  English translation: Astronomers observe the gibbous moon to study its surface.

• Русский пример: Во время выпуклой луны приливы становятся сильнее.

  English translation: During the gibbous moon, tides become stronger.

• Русский пример: Фотография выпуклой луны вышла очень чёткой благодаря телескопу.

  English translation: The photo of the gibbous moon came out very clear thanks to the telescope.

• Русский пример: В мифах древних культур выпуклая луна символизирует переход и изменения.

  English translation: In ancient cultural myths, the gibbous moon symbolizes transition and change.

Meaning 2: Bulging or convex in shape (general descriptive context).

Translation(s) & Context:

• Выпуклый - Used in everyday or technical descriptions of shapes, such as in geometry, medicine, or art, to describe something that protrudes outward.

Usage Examples:

• Русский пример: Кристалл имеет выпуклую форму, что делает его уникальным.

  English translation: The crystal has a gibbous shape, making it unique.

• Русский пример: В архитектуре выпуклые элементы добавляют объём зданию.

  English translation: In architecture, gibbous elements add volume to the building.

• Русский пример: Линза с выпуклой поверхностью фокусирует свет эффективно.

  English translation: A lens with a gibbous surface focuses light effectively.

• Русский пример: Художник нарисовал выпуклый рельеф на картине.

  English translation: The artist drew a gibbous relief on the painting.

• Русский пример: Выпуклый камень в кольце придаёт ювелирному изделию особый блеск.

  English translation: The gibbous stone in the ring gives the jewelry a special shine.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations ("Выпуклый" and "Выпуклая луна") are based on adjectives or noun-adjective phrases in Russian. "Выпуклый" is an adjective that follows standard Russian adjective inflections, which vary by gender, number, and case. It is a regular adjective, so it changes predictably. "Выпуклая луна" includes a feminine adjective agreeing with the feminine noun "луна."

Note: "Луна" as a noun is feminine and invariable in its base form but requires adjective agreement.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Выдающийся - Slightly more emphatic, often used for protruding features in art or design.
  • Конвексный - A direct borrowing from English/French, used in technical contexts like optics.
• Antonyms:
  • Вогнутый - Describes a concave or inward-curving shape.
  • Плоский - Means flat, contrasting with any bulging form.

Related Phrases:

• Выпуклая поверхность - A bulging surface; used in contexts like geology or manufacturing to describe convex areas.
• Фаза выпуклой луны - Gibbous moon phase; common in astronomical discussions to refer to lunar cycles.
• Выпуклый рельеф - Convex relief; often in art or topography to describe raised designs.

Usage Notes:

"Gibbous" corresponds most closely to "выпуклый" in Russian, but always consider the context—astronomical for lunar phases or general for shapes. In formal writing, use the full phrase like "выпуклая луна" to avoid ambiguity. Be aware of gender agreement: adjectives must match the noun's gender, number, and case. For English learners, choose "выпуклый" for everyday descriptions and "выпуклая луна" for scientific topics; avoid direct transliteration as it may sound unnatural in Russian.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using "гibbous" as a direct loanword in Russian sentences, e.g., "гibbous луна."
  Correct: "Выпуклая луна." Explanation: Russian prefers native equivalents; direct borrowings can confuse native speakers and make your Russian sound non-idiomatic.
• Mistake: Incorrect inflection, e.g., saying "выпуклый луна" (wrong gender agreement).
  Correct: "Выпуклая луна" (feminine form). Explanation: Adjectives in Russian must agree with the noun; forgetting this is a common error for English speakers used to invariable adjectives.
• Mistake: Overusing in casual speech, e.g., describing a simple bump as "выпуклый."
  Correct: Use in technical contexts only; for casual talk, opt for simpler words like "выступ." Explanation: This term sounds overly formal in everyday conversation, leading to awkwardness.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, the "gibbous moon" (выпуклая луна) often appears in folklore and literature as a symbol of mystery, transition, or impending change, similar to Western traditions. For instance, in Russian poetry by authors like Pushkin, lunar phases evoke emotional depth, reflecting the moon's role in Slavic myths as a harbinger of fate. This cultural connotation adds layers beyond its scientific meaning, encouraging users to explore Russian literature for deeper insights.

Related Concepts:

• Луна
• Фаза луны
• Конвексность
• Астрономия