Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'genotype'

English Word: genotype

Key Russian Translations:

• генотип /ɡʲɪnəˈtʲip/ - [Formal, Scientific context; used in biology and genetics discussions]

Frequency: Low (Primarily used in academic, scientific, or medical contexts; not common in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Upper Intermediate; requires familiarity with scientific terminology and Russian noun declensions, as it is a specialized term)

Pronunciation (Russian):

генотип: /ɡʲɪnəˈtʲip/

Note on генотип: The stress falls on the second syllable ('tʲip'). Be mindful of the palatalized 'т' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers; it sounds softer, almost like "tyip". Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The genetic makeup of an organism, referring to the set of genes it carries.

Translation(s) & Context:

• генотип - Used in formal scientific writing or discussions about heredity and genetics, often in biological research or medical contexts.

Usage Examples:

• Генотип человека определяет его предрасположенность к определенным заболеваниям.

  The genotype of a person determines their predisposition to certain diseases.

• В генетике генотип изучается для понимания эволюционных процессов.

  In genetics, the genotype is studied to understand evolutionary processes.

• У близнецов генотип может быть идентичным, что влияет на их физические характеристики.

  In twins, the genotype can be identical, which affects their physical characteristics.

• Анализ генотипа помогает в предсказании наследственных расстройств.

  Analysis of the genotype helps in predicting hereditary disorders.

• Генотип растения влияет на его адаптацию к окружающей среде.

  The genotype of a plant influences its adaptation to the environment.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Генотип" is a masculine noun (мужской род) in Russian, borrowed from English/Greek roots. It follows the standard third-declension pattern for masculine nouns ending in a consonant, with regular inflections. However, as a scientific term, it is often used in its base form without much variation in everyday contexts. Below is a table outlining its key inflections:

Note: The plural form is used when referring to multiple genotypes, and inflections are regular with no irregularities.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • генетический состав (genetic composition; more descriptive, used in broader genetic discussions)
  • набор генов (set of genes; informal alternative in educational contexts)
• Antonyms:
  • фенотип (phenotype; refers to the observable characteristics, contrasting with the internal genetic structure)

Related Phrases:

• Анализ генотипа (Analysis of genotype) - Refers to the process of examining genetic material for research or medical purposes.
• Генотип и фенотип (Genotype and phenotype) - A common phrase in genetics discussions, highlighting the relationship between genes and observable traits.
• Изменение генотипа (Change in genotype) - Used to describe genetic mutations or alterations in scientific contexts.

Usage Notes:

In Russian, "генотип" directly corresponds to the English "genotype" and is typically used in formal, academic, or scientific settings. It is a noun that remains invariant in gender but requires correct declension based on sentence structure (e.g., in genitive case for possession). English speakers should note that Russian often pairs this term with related concepts like "ген" (gene) for clarity. When choosing between synonyms, use "генетический состав" if a more expansive description is needed, but "генотип" is preferred for precision. Avoid using it in casual conversation, as it may sound overly technical.

Common Errors:

• English learners often confuse "генотип" with "фенотип" due to their similar sounds and contexts. Incorrect: "Фенотип определяет гены" (wrongly using phenotype to mean genotype). Correct: "Генотип определяет гены" – Explanation: "Генотип" refers to the genetic blueprint, not the expressed traits, so always verify the context before substitution.

• Misdeclining the noun, e.g., using "генотип" in the wrong case. Incorrect: "Я изучаю генотип" when it should be "Я изучаю генотипа" in genitive for possession. Correct: "Я изучаю генотипа человека" – Explanation: Pay attention to Russian case endings to avoid grammatical errors in sentences.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and scientific history, terms like "генотип" gained prominence through Soviet-era genetics research, influenced by figures like Nikolai Vavilov. It carries no strong cultural connotations beyond its scientific roots, but in modern Russia, discussions around genetics often intersect with national health policies, emphasizing the term in public health education.

Related Concepts:

• фенотип
• ген
• ДНК
• эволюция