Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'genetic'

English Word: genetic

Key Russian Translations:

• генетический [ɡɪnʲɪˈtʲɪt͡ɕɪskʲɪj] - [Formal, Scientific]

Frequency: Medium (Common in scientific, medical, and educational contexts, but less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with scientific terminology and basic Russian grammar)

Pronunciation (Russian):

генетический: [ɡɪnʲɪˈtʲɪt͡ɕɪskʲɪj]

Note on генетический: The stress falls on the third syllable ('tʲɪt͡ɕɪskʲɪj'). Pay attention to the palatalized 'н' sound, which is a common challenge for English speakers.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Pertaining to genes, heredity, or genetics

Translation(s) & Context:

• генетический - Used in formal, scientific, or medical contexts to describe anything related to genetics, such as genetic traits or diseases. Commonly appears in academic writing or discussions about biology.

Usage Examples:

• Генетический анализ может выявить наследственные заболевания.

  Genetic analysis can detect hereditary diseases. (This example shows the word in a scientific context, describing a process in biology.)

• У ребенка есть генетический фактор, влияющий на цвет глаз.

  The child has a genetic factor that influences eye color. (Here, it illustrates inheritance in a familial setting.)

• Генетический код человека был расшифрован в 2003 году.

  The human genetic code was deciphered in 2003. (This demonstrates its use in historical or technological contexts.)

• В генетической инженерии ученые изменяют ДНК организмов.

  In genetic engineering, scientists modify the DNA of organisms. (This example highlights application in modern technology.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Генетический" is an adjective in Russian, which follows the standard patterns of first-declension adjectives. It changes based on gender, number, and case. Below is a table outlining its key inflections:

Note: This adjective does not have irregular forms, making it relatively straightforward for learners once basic declension rules are understood.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • наследственный [nəslʲɛdstvʲɪnnɨj] - Often used interchangeably, but more focused on inheritance from ancestors.
  • геномный [ɡʲɪˈnomnɨj] - Specifically related to genomes, with a more technical nuance.
• Antonyms:
  • приобретенный [prʲiɐbrʲɪˈtʲɛnnɨj] - Refers to acquired traits, contrasting with inherited ones.
  • экологический [ʲɛkəlɐˈɡʲiʲskʲɪj] - Environmental, as opposed to genetic factors.

Related Phrases:

• Генетический код - Genetic code; Refers to the sequence of nucleotides in DNA.
• Генетическая модификация - Genetic modification; Commonly used in discussions about biotechnology.
• Генетическое разнообразие - Genetic diversity; Important in contexts like evolution and conservation.

Usage Notes:

"Генетический" directly corresponds to the English "genetic" in scientific and formal contexts, but English speakers should note that Russian adjectives must agree in gender, number, and case with the nouns they modify. For example, use the feminine form "генетическая" with feminine nouns like "болезнь" (disease). It's primarily used in written or academic Russian rather than casual speech. When choosing between synonyms like "наследственный," opt for "генетический" if the focus is on modern genetics; otherwise, "наследственный" might fit historical or familial contexts better.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using the base form "генетический" without proper declension, e.g., saying "Я изучаю генетический наука" instead of "Я изучаю генетическую науку" (for feminine noun "наука").

  Correct: "Я изучаю генетическую науку." Explanation: Adjectives in Russian must match the noun's gender; here, "наука" is feminine, so use the feminine form.

• Error: Confusing it with "ген" (gene), leading to incorrect phrasing like "Генетический ДНК" (redundant, as it's implied).

  Correct: "Генетический материал" or simply "ДНК." Explanation: Avoid redundancy; specify only if necessary for clarity.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and language, terms like "генетический" gained prominence with advancements in Soviet-era biology and modern genetics research. For instance, the Human Genome Project had significant implications in Russia, influencing discussions on heredity in literature and media. This word often carries connotations of scientific progress and ethical debates, such as in bioethics, reflecting Russia's historical emphasis on science in national identity.

Related Concepts:

• ДНК (DNA)
• Эволюция (evolution)
• Наследственность (heredity)