Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'genome'

English Word: genome

Key Russian Translations:

• геном /ɡʲɪˈnom/ - [Formal, Scientific]

Frequency: Medium (This term is commonly used in scientific, educational, and technical contexts but less so in everyday conversation.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with biological terminology and basic Russian noun declensions.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

геном: /ɡʲɪˈnom/

Note on геном: The initial "г" is pronounced as a palatalized /ɡʲ/, which can be challenging for English speakers. It sounds similar to the "g" in "gesture" but softer.

Audio: Audio placeholder for геном pronunciation (Insert audio player here)

Meanings and Usage:

The complete set of genes or genetic material in an organism

Translation(s) & Context:

• геном - Used in formal scientific discussions, such as genetics, biology, and research papers.

Usage Examples:

• В человеческом геноме содержится около 3 миллиардов пар оснований.

  In the human genome, there are approximately 3 billion base pairs.

• Учёные изучают геном различных видов для понимания эволюции.

  Scientists study the genomes of various species to understand evolution.

• Проект по секвенированию генома был запущен в 1990 году.

  The genome sequencing project was launched in 1990.

• Геном вируса мутирует, что приводит к новым вариантам.

  The virus's genome mutates, leading to new variants.

• Анализ генома помогает в диагностике генетических заболеваний.

  Genome analysis helps in diagnosing genetic diseases.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Геном" is a masculine noun (мужской род) in Russian and follows the standard third declension pattern for masculine nouns ending in a consonant. It has regular inflections based on case and number.

Note: This noun does not have irregular forms, making it relatively straightforward for learners.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • генетический набор (genetic set) - More descriptive, used in educational contexts.
  • геномный комплекс (genomic complex) - Emphasizes interconnectedness in advanced discussions.
• Antonyms: Not directly applicable, as "геном" is a specific scientific term without a clear opposite. However, related concepts might include "мутация" (mutation) in contrastive contexts.

Related Phrases:

• Человеческий геном (Human genome) - Refers to the complete genetic material of humans; used in discussions about genetics and health.
• Секвенирование генома (Genome sequencing) - The process of determining the precise order of nucleotides in DNA; common in research contexts.
• Геномный проект (Genome project) - Large-scale initiatives like the Human Genome Project; implies collaborative scientific efforts.

Usage Notes:

The Russian term "геном" directly corresponds to the English "genome" and is primarily used in scientific and academic settings. It is a formal word, so avoid it in casual conversations. When using in sentences, ensure proper declension based on the grammatical case, as Russian requires nouns to agree with other elements in the sentence. For English speakers, note that "геном" is borrowed from English, so pronunciation is similar, but always adapt to Russian phonetics. If multiple translations exist, choose "геном" for precision in biological contexts.

Common Errors:

• Error: Incorrect declension, e.g., using "геном" in the genitive case as "геном" instead of "генома".

  Correct: В геноме содержится ДНК (In the genome, there is DNA).

  Explanation: Russian nouns change endings based on case; failing to do so can make the sentence grammatically incorrect.

• Error: Mispronouncing the palatalized "г" as a hard "g", sounding like /ɡ/ instead of /ɡʲ/.

  Correct Pronunciation: /ɡʲɪˈnom/.

  Explanation: This can lead to confusion with other words; practice with native speakers or audio resources.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian scientific culture, terms like "геном" are heavily influenced by international biology and genetics research. Russia has contributed significantly to genomics, such as through the Russian Genome Project, which reflects national interests in biotechnology and health. While not inherently cultural, it underscores Russia's emphasis on scientific advancement in global contexts.

Related Concepts:

• ДНК (DNA)
• Ген (Gene)
• Хромосома (Chromosome)
• Мутация (Mutation)