Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'fully'

English Word: fully

Key Russian Translations:

• полностью [pɐlˈnoʊstʲnə] - [Formal, Informal]

Frequency: High (This word is commonly used in everyday Russian communication, especially in written and spoken contexts.)

Difficulty: A2 (Elementary level; straightforward as a non-inflecting adverb, but pronunciation may pose initial challenges for beginners.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

полностью: [pɐlˈnoʊstʲnə]

Note on полностью: The stress falls on the second syllable ('noʊ'), which is common in Russian adverbs. Be cautious with the soft 'tʲ' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Completely or entirely (indicating full extent or totality)

Translation(s) & Context:

• полностью - Used in both formal and informal contexts to emphasize that something is done to the fullest degree, such as in agreements, descriptions, or instructions.

Usage Examples:

• Я полностью согласен с вашим предложением. (Ya polnost'yu soglasen s vashim predlozheniem.)

  I fully agree with your proposal. (This example shows the word in a formal discussion context.)

• Эта задача полностью выполнена. (Eta zadacha polnost'yu vypolнена.)

  This task is fully completed. (Demonstrates use in professional or everyday task descriptions.)

• Он полностью изменился за последний год. (On polnost'yu izmenilsya za posledniy god.)

  He has fully changed over the last year. (Illustrates application in personal narratives or descriptions of change.)

• Книга полностью поглотила меня. (Kniga polnost'yu poglotila menya.)

  The book fully absorbed me. (Shows usage in emotional or experiential contexts.)

• Мы полностью готовы к поездке. (My polnost'yu gotovy k poezdke.)

  We are fully prepared for the trip. (Highlights use in planning or preparation scenarios.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"полностью" is an adverb in Russian and does not undergo inflection. It remains unchanged across all contexts, regardless of gender, number, case, or tense. This is typical for many Russian adverbs derived from adjectives.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: целиком (tselikom) - Used for something taken as a whole; совсем (sovsem) - Emphasizes completeness in a more emphatic way; в полной мере (v polnoy mere) - More formal, indicating to the full extent.
• Antonyms: частично (chastichno) - Indicates partiality or incompleteness.

Related Phrases:

• полностью согласен - Fully agree; a common expression in debates or agreements.
• полностью готов - Fully ready; often used in contexts like preparations or readiness checks.
• полностью изменить - To fully change; implies a total transformation, as in personal development.

Usage Notes:

"Полностью" directly corresponds to the English adverb "fully" when emphasizing completeness, but it is more versatile in Russian for intensifying statements. It is suitable for both formal (e.g., business emails) and informal (e.g., casual conversations) settings. When choosing among synonyms like "целиком" or "совсем," opt for "полностью" in contexts requiring precision. Grammatically, it typically precedes the verb or adjective it modifies, e.g., "полностью готов" instead of placing it at the end of a sentence.

Common Errors:

• Common mistake: Confusing "полностью" with "вполне," which means "quite" or "fairly" rather than "fully." For example, an English learner might say "Я вполне согласен" when intending "fully agree," but this actually means "I quite agree," softening the statement. Correct usage: Use "полностью" for total agreement, as in "Я полностью согласен."

• Another error: Overusing it in informal speech where a simpler synonym like "совсем" might be more natural. For instance, saying "Я полностью устал" (I am fully tired) is correct but formal; in casual talk, "Я совсем устал" is preferred.

Cultural Notes:

"Полностью" does not carry significant cultural connotations in Russian, but it reflects the language's precision in expressing degrees of completion, which is important in Russian communication styles that value thoroughness and detail, especially in professional or educational contexts.

Related Concepts:

• частичное (chastichnoe) - Relating to partial aspects.
• целиком (tselikom) - Emphasizing wholeness.