Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'extrinsic'

English Word: extrinsic

Key Russian Translations:

• внешний /vˈnʲeʂnʲij/ - [Formal, Adjective]
• экстрансивный /ˌɛkstrænˈsɪvnɨj/ - [Formal, Technical, Used in linguistic or philosophical contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in academic and professional discussions but less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of adjective inflections and formal vocabulary for 'внешний', while 'экстрансивный' may reach C1 due to its specialized nature)

Pronunciation (Russian):

внешний: /vˈnʲeʂnʲij/ (The stress is on the first syllable; note the soft 'н' sound, which is palatalized.)

Note on внешний: This word features a challenging 'ш' sound (like 'sh' in English 'she'), and the palatalized consonants may be difficult for beginners. Pay attention to the vowel reductions in fast speech.

экстрансивный: /ˌɛkstrænˈsɪvnɨj/ (Emphasize the second syllable; the 'э' is pronounced like 'e' in 'bed'.)

Note on экстрансивный: This is a borrowed term, so pronunciation closely follows English loanword patterns in Russian, with potential variations in informal speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Not part of the essential nature of something; originating from outside (e.g., in philosophy, science, or everyday contexts).

Translation(s) & Context:

• внешний - Used in formal or academic settings to describe external influences, such as in psychology or economics.
• экстрансивный - Applied in specialized fields like linguistics, where it refers to verbs or actions affecting an external object.

Usage Examples:

• Русский: Этот внешний фактор повлиял на исход эксперимента.

  English: This extrinsic factor influenced the outcome of the experiment.

• Русский: В философии различают внутренние и внешние мотивы поведения.

  English: In philosophy, internal and extrinsic motives of behavior are distinguished.

• Русский: Экстрансивный глагол в русском языке требует дополнения.

  English: An extrinsic verb in Russian requires a complement.

• Русский: Внешние стимулы часто определяют extrinsic мотивацию у студентов.

  English: External stimuli often determine extrinsic motivation in students.

• Русский: Компания фокусируется на extrinsic факторах, таких как рыночные тенденции.

  English: The company focuses on extrinsic factors, such as market trends.

Meaning 2: Not inherent; added from an external source (e.g., in legal or business contexts).

Translation(s) & Context:

• внешний - Common in legal documents to denote external parties or influences.
• экстрансивный - Less common, but used in technical translations for non-intrinsic elements.

Usage Examples:

• Русский: Договор включает внешние условия, влияющие на его исполнение.

  English: The contract includes extrinsic conditions that affect its execution.

• Русский: Экстрансивные элементы в тексте могут изменить его интерпретацию.

  English: Extrinsic elements in the text can alter its interpretation.

• Русский: Внешние инвестиции extrinsic помогли компании расшириться.

  English: Extrinsic external investments helped the company expand.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'внешний' and 'экстрансивный' are adjectives, which inflect based on gender, number, and case in Russian. 'Внешний' follows standard first-declension adjective patterns, while 'экстрансивный' is less common and may not inflect irregularly but adheres to borrowed word rules.

For 'экстрансивный', it inflects similarly but is often used in invariant forms in technical contexts: Nominative: экстрасивный; Genitive: экстрасивного, etc. If unchanged in a sentence, it remains as is for emphasis.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • внешний (similar to 'external')
  • сторонний (implies 'third-party' or 'outside', with a nuance of neutrality)
  • чужой (more emotional, meaning 'alien' or 'foreign')
• Antonyms:
  • внутренний (direct opposite, meaning 'internal')
  • врожденный (implies 'inherent' or 'innate')

Related Phrases:

• внешние факторы - External factors; Used in discussions of influences beyond control.
• внешнее воздействие - Extrinsic impact; Common in scientific or environmental contexts.
• экстрансивные конструкции - Extrinsic constructions; Refers to linguistic structures in grammar studies.

Usage Notes:

'Внешний' is the most straightforward translation for 'extrinsic' in general contexts, aligning closely with English usage in philosophy and science. Choose 'экстрансивный' for specialized fields like linguistics to maintain precision, as it carries a more technical connotation. Be mindful of Russian adjective agreement: always inflect based on the noun's gender, number, and case. In formal writing, 'внешний' is preferred, while informal speech might simplify to avoid complex inflections. When translating, ensure the context clarifies whether the influence is truly external versus internal.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'внешний' without proper inflection, e.g., saying "внешний дом" instead of "внешний дом" (correct, but if the noun changes, forget to adjust, like "внешней проблемой" for feminine accusative).

  Correct: Ensure agreement, e.g., "Эта внешняя проблема extrinsic affects the system." Explanation: Russian requires adjectives to match nouns, so learners often overlook case endings, leading to grammatical errors.

• Error: Confusing 'внешний' with 'чужой', using 'чужой' to mean purely 'extrinsic' when it implies emotional distance.

  Correct: Use 'внешний' for neutral external factors. Example: Wrong: "Чужой мотив" (implies alienation); Right: "Внешний мотив". Explanation: This can alter the intended meaning, making interactions sound more personal or negative.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and language, terms like 'внешний' often reflect historical influences from Western philosophy, such as in the works of Russian thinkers like Tolstoy or modern psychology. It underscores the Russian emphasis on distinguishing internal (душевный) versus external forces, which can be seen in literature where extrinsic motivations are portrayed as less authentic compared to intrinsic ones.

Related Concepts:

• внутренний
• врожденный
• сторонний
• экстрансивность