Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'engraving'

English Word: engraving

Key Russian Translations:

• Гравюра [ɡrɐˈvʲurə] - [Formal, Artistic context]
• Резьба [ˈrʲezʲbə] - [Formal, General or craft-related context]
• Гравировка [ɡrɐˈvʲirəfkə] - [Informal, Modern or technical engraving, e.g., on metal]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in artistic, historical, or technical discussions, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with Russian noun declensions and vocabulary related to arts and crafts)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Гравюра: [ɡrɐˈvʲurə]

Резьба: [ˈrʲezʲbə]

Гравировка: [ɡrɐˈvʲirəfkə]

Note on Гравюра: The stress is on the second syllable; be careful with the soft 'v' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers due to the palatalization.

Note on Резьба: Pronounced with a soft 'r' and 'z', common in Russian; no major variations in standard pronunciation.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The art or process of cutting designs into a hard surface, especially for printing or decoration (artistic context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• Гравюра - Used in formal, artistic, or historical settings, such as discussing museum pieces or fine art.
• Резьба - Applied in contexts involving handcrafted items, like woodwork, but less precise for print-related engraving.

Usage Examples:

• В музее выставлена редкая гравюра Рембрандта.

  In the museum, a rare engraving by Rembrandt is on display.

• Она изучает технику гравюры в художественной школе.

  She is studying the technique of engraving at art school.

• Эта гравюра передает тонкие детали пейзажа.

  This engraving captures the subtle details of the landscape.

• Гравюра на металле требует специальных инструментов.

  Engraving on metal requires special tools.

Meaning 2: The act of inscribing or etching words or designs onto a surface (technical or everyday context)

Translation(s) & Context:

• Гравировка - Common in modern, technical, or commercial scenarios, such as engraving jewelry or plaques.
• Резьба - Used for more manual or traditional etching, like on wood or stone, in craft contexts.

Usage Examples:

• На кольце сделали гравировку с инициалами.

  They engraved the initials on the ring.

• Мастер выполнил резьбу на деревянной доске для подарка.

  The craftsman did an engraving on the wooden board as a gift.

• Гравировка на стекле добавляет элегантности вазе.

  The engraving on the glass adds elegance to the vase.

• Для памятника использовали технику резьбы по камню.

  For the monument, they used the technique of engraving on stone.

• Современная гравировка часто применяется в ювелирном деле.

  Modern engraving is often used in jewelry making.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

All primary translations ("Гравюра", "Резьба", "Гравировка") are feminine nouns in Russian, which means they follow standard first-declension patterns with changes in cases and numbers. They are not irregular but require attention to gender agreement in sentences.

Note: These nouns do not change in a highly irregular way, but always ensure adjective agreement (e.g., "красивая гравюра" for "beautiful engraving").

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Эстамп [ɛˈstamp] (more specific to prints, often interchangeable with Гравюра in art contexts)
  • Вырезка [vɨˈrʲɛskə] (informal, for simple cuttings)
• Antonyms:
  • Литография [lʲɪtɐˈɡrafʲɪjə] (lithography, as an alternative printing method)
  • Печатный оттиск [ˈpʲɛtʲʧnɨj ɐˈtʲisk] (printed impression, contrasting with hand-engraved works)

Related Phrases:

• Гравюра на дереве - Engraving on wood; used in traditional art forms.
• Металлическая резьба - Metal engraving; common in jewelry and decorative items.
• Искусство гравировки - The art of engraving; refers to techniques in fine arts.
• Гравированная печать - Engraved print; for historical printing methods.

Usage Notes:

Choose "Гравюра" for artistic or historical contexts, as it directly aligns with the English "engraving" in fine art, while "Резьба" is better for crafts or manual work. "Гравировка" suits modern, technical applications. Be mindful of Russian's grammatical gender (feminine), which affects adjectives and verbs (e.g., "гравюра сделана" vs. "гравюра сделан"). In formal writing, prefer these over less precise terms. Usage is more common in cultural or professional settings rather than casual conversation.

Common Errors:

• Error: Confusing "Гравюра" with "Рисунок" (drawing), leading to incorrect translation. Correct: Use "Гравюра" for engraved works, not simple sketches. Example of error: "Это рисунок" instead of "Это гравюра" for an engraved piece. Explanation: "Рисунок" implies a drawn image, not an incised one, which can misrepresent the technique.

• Error: Forgetting noun declensions, e.g., saying "в гравюра" instead of "в гравюре". Correct: Always decline based on case, as in "Я смотрю на гравюру" (I am looking at the engraving). Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, which English speakers often overlook, leading to grammatical errors.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "Гравюра" holds historical significance, often linked to 19th-century art movements like those of Ivan Shishkin or the Imperial Academy of Arts. It symbolizes precision and tradition in visual arts, reflecting Russia's rich heritage in printmaking and engraving as a form of storytelling or propaganda in tsarist and Soviet eras.

Related Concepts:

• Литография
• Эстамп
• Вырезной орнамент