Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'establish'

English Word: establish

Key Russian Translations:

• установить [ʊstɐˈnovʲɪtʲ] - [Formal, used for setting up systems or institutions]
• основать [ɐsnɐˈvatʲ] - [Formal, specifically for founding organizations or ideas]
• создать [sɐˈzdatʲ] - [Informal/Neutral, broader context for creating or establishing something new]

Frequency: Medium (Common in business, legal, and academic contexts, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of verb conjugations and contextual nuances; 'установить' and 'основать' may vary slightly in difficulty for learners)

Pronunciation (Russian):

установить: [ʊstɐˈnovʲɪtʲ]

основать: [ɐsnɐˈvatʲ]

создать: [sɐˈzdatʲ]

Note on установить: The stress falls on the third syllable; be mindful of the palatalized 'т' sound, which can be tricky for English speakers. Variations may occur in rapid speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. To set up or found an organization, system, or institution.

Translation(s) & Context:

• установить - Used in formal contexts like business or law, e.g., establishing a company.
• основать - Applied when referring to the origin or foundation of something enduring, such as a university.

Usage Examples:

• Мы решили установить новую компанию в Москве для расширения бизнеса.

  We decided to establish a new company in Moscow to expand the business.

• Правительство планирует основать фонд поддержки молодых учёных.

  The government plans to establish a fund to support young scientists.

• Чтобы улучшить инфраструктуру, они собираются создать сеть новых дорог.

  To improve infrastructure, they are going to establish a network of new roads.

• В прошлом веке учёные установили важные принципы современной физики.

  In the last century, scientists established important principles of modern physics.

• Эта организация была основана в 1990 году для защиты прав человека.

  This organization was established in 1990 to protect human rights.

2. To confirm or make something certain (e.g., establish facts).

Translation(s) & Context:

• установить - In investigative or scientific contexts, meaning to verify or determine.
• создать - Less common, but used metaphorically for establishing evidence.

Usage Examples:

• Расследование помогло установить истинные причины аварии.

  The investigation helped establish the true causes of the accident.

• Учёные смогли создать надёжные доказательства существования новой частицы.

  Scientists were able to establish reliable evidence of the existence of a new particle.

• Суд установил, что обвиняемый не виновен на основе новых фактов.

  The court established that the defendant was not guilty based on new facts.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

These translations are primarily verbs, which undergo conjugation based on tense, aspect, person, and number in Russian. 'Установить' and 'основать' are perfective verbs, while 'создать' can be used in perfective contexts. Russian verbs have imperfective counterparts (e.g., устанавливать for ongoing action).

Note: These verbs are irregular in some aspects; for example, past tense changes by gender and number, which is a key feature of Russian grammar.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • организовать (organize; more neutral and often interchangeable with установить in business contexts)
  • ввести (introduce; for establishing new rules or systems)
  • завести (set up informally, e.g., for routines)
• Antonyms:
  • уничтожить (destroy)
  • отменить (cancel or abolish)

Related Phrases:

• Установить связь - To establish a connection (e.g., in communication or relationships).
• Основать традицию - To establish a tradition (often used in cultural contexts).
• Создать базу - To establish a base (e.g., in military or business settings).

Usage Notes:

The English word 'establish' often corresponds to 'установить' in formal contexts, but choosing the right Russian equivalent depends on nuance—use 'основать' for foundational or historical actions, and 'создать' for creative processes. Be aware of aspect in Russian: perfective verbs like these imply completion, so pair them with contexts that show an end result. In spoken Russian, these words are more common in professional settings; avoid them in casual conversation where simpler synonyms might suffice.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Using 'установить' interchangeably with 'создать' without considering context. For example, learners might say "Я установил картину" when meaning "I created a painting," which is incorrect; use "создал картину" instead. Correct: Создал (created) vs. Error: Установил (implies setting up, like installing software).
• Mistake: Forgetting gender agreement in past tense. E.g., "Она установила" is correct for a female subject, but beginners might say "Он установила," which is wrong. Explanation: Russian past tense verbs agree with the subject's gender, so always check the subject.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, words like 'основать' often carry historical weight, as seen in references to founding cities like St. Petersburg by Peter the Great. This reflects Russia's emphasis on legacy and institutional history, where establishing something new is tied to national pride and endurance.

Related Concepts:

• развивать (to develop)
• поддерживать (to maintain)
• реформировать (to reform)