Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'extremities'

English Word: extremities

Key Russian Translations:

• конечности [kɐˈnʲet͡ɕnəstʲi] - [Formal, Plural, Used in medical, anatomical, or scientific contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in specialized fields like medicine and biology, but less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of Russian noun declensions and formal vocabulary, based on CEFR standards)

Pronunciation (Russian):

конечности: [kɐˈnʲet͡ɕnəstʲi]

Note on конечности: The stress falls on the third syllable ("nʲet͡ɕ"), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the palatalized 'n' sound. Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Anatomical extremities (e.g., limbs of the body)

Translation(s) & Context:

• конечности - Refers to the limbs or extremities of the body, such as arms and legs, in formal, medical, or scientific discussions. Often used in plural form.

Usage Examples:

• Врачи осмотрели его конечности после аварии.

  Doctors examined his extremities after the accident.

• Конечности человека включают руки, ноги и пальцы.

  The extremities of a human include the arms, legs, and fingers.

• При низких температурах нужно защищать конечности от обморожения.

  In low temperatures, you need to protect your extremities from frostbite.

• Спортсмен тренирует свои конечности для повышения выносливости.

  The athlete trains his extremities to improve endurance.

• Проблемы с конечностями могут быть вызваны генетическими факторами.

  Problems with extremities can be caused by genetic factors.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Конечности" is a feminine plural noun in Russian, derived from the word "конец" (end). It follows the standard declension pattern for first-declension feminine nouns, but as a plural form, it primarily appears in plural contexts. It does not have a singular form in common usage for anatomical extremities.

Note: This word is invariant in number for its primary meaning and does not inflect irregularly.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • члены (chleny) - More general, often used in anatomical contexts, but can imply broader body parts; differs slightly as it may include other extensions.
  • аппендикулярный скелет (appendikulyarnyy skelet) - Technical term for the appendicular skeleton; used in scientific discussions.
• Antonyms:
  • туловище (tulovishche) - Refers to the trunk or core of the body, contrasting with peripheral parts.
  • центр (tsentr) - In a metaphorical sense, meaning the center, as opposed to extremities.

Related Phrases:

• Верхние конечности (Verhnie konechnosti) - Upper extremities; refers to arms and shoulders; used in medical contexts.
• Нижние конечности (Nijnie konechnosti) - Lower extremities; refers to legs and hips; common in anatomy and sports.
• Защита конечностей (Zashchita konechnostey) - Protection of extremities; implies safeguarding limbs, e.g., in safety gear; often in practical or emergency scenarios.

Usage Notes:

"Конечности" directly corresponds to the English "extremities" in anatomical contexts, but it's more formal and plural by default. Use it when discussing body parts in medical, scientific, or educational settings. Avoid in casual conversation where simpler terms like "руки и ноги" (hands and feet) might suffice. When choosing between translations, opt for "конечности" for precision in plural forms, and be mindful of Russian case endings to match the sentence structure. For example, in genitive constructions, it becomes "конечностей" to indicate possession or relation.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "конечность" in singular form when referring to extremities, as English learners might assume it's like "extremity."

  Correct: "Его конечности пострадали." (His extremities were injured.)

  Explanation: "Конечность" is rarely used and doesn't carry the same plural anatomical meaning; stick to the plural "конечности" for accuracy.

• Error: Confusing declensions, e.g., using nominative in all cases, like saying "проблемы с конечности" instead of the correct genitive "проблемы с конечностями."

  Correct: "Проблемы с конечностями."

  Explanation: Russian nouns change based on case; improper declension can make the sentence grammatically incorrect and hard to understand.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and medicine, terms like "конечности" are heavily influenced by Soviet-era scientific terminology, emphasizing precision in anatomy. This word often appears in health discussions, reflecting Russia's strong tradition in fields like ballet and athletics, where limb functionality is crucial. Understanding such terms can help English speakers appreciate the detailed approach in Russian medical literature.

Related Concepts:

• кости (kosti) - Bones
• мышцы (myshtsy) - Muscles
• суставы (sustavy) - Joints