Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'expiration'

English Word: expiration

Key Russian Translations:

• срок годности [srok ɡɐdˈnostʲi] - [Formal, Commonly used for product shelf life or validity periods]
• истечение [istʲiˈt͡ɕenʲije] - [Formal, General term for the process of expiring or running out]

Frequency: Medium (Frequently encountered in everyday contexts such as shopping, legal documents, and product labeling, but not as ubiquitous as basic vocabulary).

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, based on CEFR; requires understanding of noun phrases and genitive constructions, though the vocabulary itself is not overly complex for learners at this level).

Pronunciation (Russian):

срок годности: [srok ɡɐdˈnostʲi]

истечение: [istʲiˈt͡ɕenʲije]

Note on срок годности: The stress falls on the second syllable of "годности" (/ɡɐdˈnostʲi/), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the soft 't' sound (palatalized). Pronounce it with a clear separation between words for natural flow.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: The end of a period of validity, especially for products or documents

Translation(s) & Context:

• срок годности - Used in formal and commercial contexts, such as on food packaging or official certificates, to indicate when something is no longer valid.
• истечение - Applied in more abstract or legal scenarios, like the expiration of a contract or deadline.

Usage Examples:

• Проверьте срок годности молока перед покупкой.

  Check the expiration date of the milk before buying.

• Из-за истечения срока действия паспорта мне пришлось продлить документы.

  Due to the expiration of my passport's validity, I had to renew the documents.

• Срок годности продукта истёк, поэтому его нельзя употреблять.

  The expiration date of the product has passed, so it can't be consumed.

• После истечения контракта компания предложила продление.

  After the expiration of the contract, the company offered an extension.

Meaning 2: The act or process of coming to an end

Translation(s) & Context:

• истечение - Used in metaphorical or time-related contexts, such as the expiration of time or a process.

Usage Examples:

• Истечение времени не позволяет нам закончить проект вовремя.

  The expiration of time doesn't allow us to finish the project on time.

• С истечением лета мы заметили изменения в погоде.

  With the expiration of summer, we noticed changes in the weather.

• Истечение срока аренды вынудило нас искать новое жильё.

  The expiration of the lease forced us to look for new housing.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are noun phrases. "Срок годности" is a fixed phrase where "срок" (term) and "годности" (genitive form of "годность," meaning suitability) inflect according to Russian grammar rules. "Истечение" is a neuter noun that follows standard second-declension patterns.

Note: These words do not have irregular inflections but must agree in case, number, and gender with other elements in the sentence.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • просрочка (proschotka) - Similar to "expiration" in the context of overdue payments or dates; often used informally.
  • окончание (okanchaniye) - General synonym for the end or expiration of something.
• Antonyms:
  • продление (prodleniye) - Extension or renewal, opposite of expiration.
  • начало (nachalo) - Beginning, contrasting with the end.

Related Phrases:

• Просроченный товар (Proschochennyy tovar) - Expired goods; refers to products past their expiration date.
• Истечение срока действия (Istecheeniye sroka deystviya) - Expiration of validity; common in legal or official contexts.
• Срок годности истёк (Srok godnosti istyok) - The expiration date has passed; a fixed phrase for indicating something is no longer valid.

Usage Notes:

"Expiration" translates most directly to "срок годности" in practical, everyday scenarios like food or medicine, while "истечение" is better for abstract or temporal concepts. Be mindful of the genitive case in Russian, as phrases like "срок годности" often require it for possession or description. In formal writing, use these terms precisely to avoid ambiguity; for informal speech, "просрочка" might be more colloquial. When choosing between translations, opt for "срок годности" if referring to physical items and "истечение" for processes.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "срок годности" interchangeably with "истечение" without context, e.g., saying "истечение молока" instead of "срок годности молока".

  Correct: "Срок годности молока истёк." (The milk's expiration date has passed.)

  Explanation: "Истечение" implies a process, not a specific date, so it doesn't fit here and can confuse native speakers.

• Error: Forgetting case agreement, e.g., "проверить срок" instead of "проверить срок годности".

  Correct: Always include the full phrase for clarity and grammatical accuracy.

  Explanation: Russian requires nouns to agree in case, so omitting parts can lead to incomplete or incorrect sentences.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, expiration dates on food and products are strictly regulated due to historical emphasis on food safety, stemming from Soviet-era standards. Terms like "срок годности" carry practical importance in daily life, reflecting a cultural caution about waste and health, especially in regions with variable supply chains.

Related Concepts:

• просрочка
• окончание
• срок действия