Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'expectancy'

English Word: expectancy

Key Russian Translations:

• ожидание [ɐʐɨˈdanʲɪje] - [Formal, commonly used in contexts of waiting or anticipation]
• прогноз [prɐˈɡnoz] - [Formal, specifically for predictive expectancy, such as in statistics or forecasting]

Frequency: Medium (This word and its translations appear regularly in everyday Russian, especially in literature, news, and professional contexts, but not as ubiquitous as basic vocabulary.)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate, based on CEFR; requires understanding of abstract concepts and noun declensions. For 'прогноз', it may be B2 due to its use in technical fields.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

ожидание: [ɐʐɨˈdanʲɪje]

прогноз: [prɐˈɡnoz]

Note on ожидание: The stress falls on the third syllable ('da'), and the 'zh' sound (as in 'measure') can be tricky for English speakers; practice with native audio for accurate intonation.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

1. The state of expecting or hoping for something (e.g., anticipation or waiting).

Translation(s) & Context:

• ожидание - Used in formal or literary contexts to describe waiting with expectation, such as for an event or outcome.

Usage Examples:

• Я в ожидании хороших новостей от друзей.

  I am in expectancy of good news from friends.

• Его ожидание встречи с любимым человеком было невыносимым.

  His expectancy of meeting his loved one was unbearable.

• В ожидании праздника дети украшали дом.

  In expectancy of the holiday, the children decorated the house.

• Ожидание успеха мотивирует людей работать усерднее.

  Expectancy of success motivates people to work harder.

2. Statistical or predictive sense (e.g., life expectancy or future projections).

Translation(s) & Context:

• прогноз - Applied in scientific, medical, or economic contexts for predictive expectancy, like life expectancy.

Usage Examples:

• Средняя продолжительность жизни в стране — это важный прогноз для демографов.

  The average expectancy of life in the country is an important forecast for demographers.

• Его прогноз карьеры включал ожидание быстрого продвижения.

  His career expectancy included anticipation of rapid advancement.

• Прогноз экономического роста зависит от ожиданий инвесторов.

  The forecast of economic growth depends on the expectancy of investors.

• Врачи дали прогноз о его жизненном ожидании.

  Doctors gave a prognosis on his life expectancy.

• Прогноз погоды всегда вызывает ожидание перемен.

  The weather forecast always creates expectancy of changes.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are nouns. 'Ожидание' is a neuter noun that follows standard Russian declension patterns, while 'прогноз' is a masculine noun with its own inflections. Below are tables for clarity:

For 'ожидание' (Neuter noun, 2nd declension):

For 'прогноз' (Masculine noun, with irregularities in some forms):

Note: These nouns do not have irregular forms but follow standard patterns; always adjust for context in sentences.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • предвкушение (predvkusheniye) - Similar to expectancy but implies pleasurable anticipation; often used in emotional contexts.
  • надежда (nadezhda) - Overlaps with hopeful expectancy, but more focused on optimism.
• Antonyms:
  • разочарование (razocharovaniye) - Direct opposite, meaning disappointment.
  • отчаяние (otchayaniye) - For a sense of hopeless expectancy turning to despair.

Related Phrases:

• В ожидании (v ozhidanii) - In expectancy; used for waiting periods, e.g., "in anticipation of something happening."
• Ожидание чуда (ozhidaniye chuda) - Expectancy of a miracle; a common phrase in literature or everyday speech for hopeful waiting.
• Прогноз на будущее (prognoz na budushcheye) - Forecast for the future; relates to predictive expectancy in planning or analysis.

Usage Notes:

'Ожидание' best matches the general sense of 'expectancy' in English, especially for emotional or waiting contexts, while 'прогноз' is more precise for statistical or predictive uses. In Russian, always consider the context: use formal language in professional settings and ensure proper declension to avoid grammatical errors. For English speakers, note that Russian often pairs these words with prepositions like 'в' (in) for states of being, e.g., 'в ожидании'. When choosing between translations, opt for 'ожидание' in personal narratives and 'прогноз' in technical discussions.

Common Errors:

• Mistake: Incorrectly using 'ожидание' in plural form where singular is needed, e.g., saying "ожиданиями" instead of "ожданием" in a sentence like "Я в ожиданием" (correct: "Я в ожидании").
  Correct: Use the proper case, e.g., "Я в ожидании" means "I am in expectancy." Explanation: Russian nouns must agree in case, which English speakers often overlook.
• Mistake: Confusing 'прогноз' with 'прогрессия' (progression), leading to misuse in medical contexts.
  Correct: 'Прогноз' specifically means forecast or expectancy, not progression. Explanation: Pay attention to root words to differentiate similar-sounding vocabulary.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, 'ожидание' often carries a poetic or philosophical connotation, as seen in literature by authors like Tolstoy, where waiting and expectancy symbolize life's uncertainties. This reflects a broader cultural emphasis on endurance and hope in the face of adversity, influenced by historical events like the Soviet era.

Related Concepts:

• надежда (hope)
• предвидение (foresight)
• перспектива (perspective)