Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'exclude'

English Word: exclude

Key Russian Translations:

• Исключить (/ɪsˈkluʧɪtʲ/) - [Formal, Used in contexts involving removal or exclusion from groups, lists, or events]
• Исключение (/ɪsˈkluʧenʲje/) - [Formal, Often used as a noun for 'exception' or 'exclusion', but can relate to the verb form]

Frequency: Medium (Common in formal writing, legal, and educational contexts, but not as everyday as basic verbs).

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate level; requires understanding of verb conjugations and noun declensions, which can vary by translation).

Pronunciation (Russian):

Исключить: /ɪsˈkluʧɪtʲ/ (The 'ч' sound is a palatalized 'ch' as in 'church', and the final 'ть' is soft; stress on the second syllable).

Исключение: /ɪsˈkluʧenʲje/ (Similar to above, with a soft 'н' and 'е'; stress on the second syllable).

Note on Исключить: Be cautious with the palatalization; non-native speakers often soften the 'т' too much, making it sound like 'chit' instead of 'tʲ'. Variations in fast speech may drop the final consonant.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: To deliberately leave out or remove someone or something from a group, list, or activity.

Translation(s) & Context:

• Исключить - Used in formal or professional settings, such as excluding items from a list or people from a group.
• Исключение - Refers to the act of exclusion or an exception, often in legal or academic contexts.

Usage Examples:

• Мы решили исключить этот пункт из повестки дня. (We decided to exclude this item from the agenda.)

  English Translation: We decided to exclude this item from the agenda. (This example shows the verb in a formal meeting context.)

• В правилах есть исключение для детей младше 12 лет. (In the rules, there is an exception for children under 12.)

  English Translation: In the rules, there is an exception for children under 12. (Illustrates the noun form in regulatory language.)

• Из-за плохого поведения его исключили из школы. (Due to bad behavior, he was excluded from school.)

  English Translation: Due to bad behavior, he was excluded from school. (Demonstrates the verb in an educational setting with past tense.)

• Не стоит исключать возможность ошибки в расчетах. (It's not worth excluding the possibility of an error in the calculations.)

  English Translation: It's not worth excluding the possibility of an error in the calculations. (Shows usage in hypothetical or cautious speech.)

• Этот случай является исключением из общего правила. (This case is an exception to the general rule.)

  English Translation: This case is an exception to the general rule. (Highlights the noun in comparative contexts.)

Secondary Meaning: To not include or consider something as part of a category (e.g., in definitions or classifications).

Translation(s) & Context:

• Исключить - In analytical or scientific contexts, implying deliberate omission.

Usage Examples:

• В эксперименте мы исключили внешние факторы. (In the experiment, we excluded external factors.)

  English Translation: In the experiment, we excluded external factors. (This shows the verb in a scientific context.)

• Исключение этого термина сделает определение более точным. (Excluding this term will make the definition more accurate.)

  English Translation: Excluding this term will make the definition more accurate. (Illustrates in linguistic or definitional use.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Исключить is a verb of the first conjugation, which follows regular patterns but has some irregularities due to its prefix. Исключение is a neuter noun of the second declension.

Note: The verb changes based on tense, aspect, and person. The noun declines regularly across cases but remains unchanged in plural for some forms.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Отстранить (/ɐtˈstranʲɪtʲ/) - More specific to removing from a position or role.
  • Исключать из (to exclude from) - A phrasal variation.
• Antonyms:
  • Включить (/fklʲʊˈʧʲɪtʲ/) - To include.
  • Добавить (/dɐˈdɑtʲ/) - To add.

Related Phrases:

• Исключить из списка - Exclude from the list (Used in administrative or organizational contexts to remove items deliberately).
• Сделать исключение - Make an exception (Implies allowing something outside the norm, often in rules or policies).
• Без исключения - Without exception (A fixed phrase meaning 'absolutely' or 'in all cases').

Usage Notes:

The Russian verb 'исключить' directly corresponds to 'exclude' in formal English contexts but is more commonly used in written or official language. For everyday speech, consider alternatives like 'не включать' if the nuance is about omission rather than removal. When choosing between translations, use 'исключить' for active exclusion and 'исключение' for nominal forms. Be mindful of aspect: the perfective form (e.g., исключить) implies completion, while imperfective (исключать) suggests ongoing action.

Common Errors:

• Mistaking the verb for a noun: Learners often use 'исключение' when they mean the verb, e.g., saying "Я исключение это" instead of "Я исключу это". Correct: "Я исключу это" (I will exclude this). Explanation: 'Исключение' is a noun, so it can't function as a verb; always check the context.
• Incorrect conjugation: For example, saying "Я исключает" instead of "Я исключаю". Correct: "Я исключаю". Explanation: Verbs must agree with the subject in person and number, following standard conjugation rules.
• Overusing in informal settings: English speakers might overuse 'исключить' in casual talk; in Russian, it's better to use simpler verbs like 'убрать' in everyday contexts.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and language, words like 'исключить' often appear in bureaucratic or educational contexts due to Russia's historical emphasis on formal structures, such as in Soviet-era regulations. This can carry a connotation of authority or exclusion, reflecting cultural norms around hierarchy and rules.

Related Concepts:

• Исключение (exception)
• Отбор (selection)
• Выключить (to switch off, related in the sense of removal)