Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'exoskeleton'

English Word: exoskeleton

Key Russian Translations:

• экзоскелет [ɛk.zɐˈskɛ.lʲɪt] - [Formal, Scientific]

Frequency: Low (This term is primarily used in scientific, biological, or technical contexts and is not common in everyday conversation.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with scientific vocabulary and basic Russian noun declensions, as per CEFR standards.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

экзоскелет: [ɛk.zɐˈskɛ.lʲɪt]

Note on экзоскелет: The stress falls on the third syllable ("skɛ"), which is a common challenge for English speakers due to the Russian palatalized 'л' sound. Pronunciation may vary slightly in rapid speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The hard outer structure that supports and protects the body of an invertebrate animal.

Translation(s) & Context:

• экзоскелет - Used in formal biological or scientific discussions, such as describing arthropods like insects or crustaceans.

Usage Examples:

• У насекомых есть экзоскелет, который защищает их тело от внешних повреждений.

  Insects have an exoskeleton that protects their body from external damage.

• Экзоскелет рака состоит из хитина и обеспечивает его подвижность.

  The exoskeleton of a crab is made of chitin and provides its mobility.

• В эволюции животных экзоскелет развился как адаптация к окружающей среде.

  In animal evolution, the exoskeleton developed as an adaptation to the environment.

• Исследователи изучают, как экзоскелет помогает насекомым выживать в экстремальных условиях.

  Researchers study how the exoskeleton helps insects survive in extreme conditions.

• Без экзоскелета многие беспозвоночные не смогли бы поддерживать свою форму.

  Without an exoskeleton, many invertebrates would not be able to maintain their shape.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Экзоскелет is a masculine noun (мужской род) in Russian and follows the standard third-declension pattern for borrowed words ending in a consonant. It is inflected based on case and number, but it does not have irregular forms. Below is a declension table for singular and plural forms:

Note: This word does not change in gender or have verbal inflections, as it is a noun.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • панцирь (pancyr) - Often used for a shell or armor, with a more general connotation in everyday language.
  • кутикула (kutikula) - Refers specifically to the outer layer in some biological contexts, but less common.
• Antonyms:
  • эндоскелет (endoskelet) - Internal skeleton, as in vertebrates.

Related Phrases:

• биологический экзоскелет - Biological exoskeleton; refers to natural structures in animals.
• искусственный экзоскелет - Artificial exoskeleton; used in contexts like robotics or medical devices, with the explanation: This phrase is common in modern technology discussions.
• экзоскелет насекомого - Insect exoskeleton; highlights specific applications in entomology.

Usage Notes:

Экзоскелет directly corresponds to the English "exoskeleton" in scientific contexts, but English speakers should note that Russian often requires the noun to be declined based on its role in the sentence (e.g., in genitive case after prepositions like "of"). It is typically used in formal or academic settings, not casual conversation. When choosing between translations, prefer "экзоскелет" for precise biological terms; avoid synonyms like "панцирь" if the context is strictly anatomical. Grammatically, always ensure agreement with adjectives and verbs in gender, number, and case.

Common Errors:

• Confusing "экзоскелет" with "эндоскелет": English learners often mix up these terms. Incorrect: "Человек имеет экзоскелет" (A person has an exoskeleton). Correct: "Человек имеет эндоскелет" (A person has an endoskeleton). Explanation: Exoskeletons are external, while endoskeletons are internal; use the appropriate term based on the subject.

• Improper declension: For example, using the nominative form in all cases. Incorrect: "О панцирь экзоскелет" (instead of "О экзоскелете"). Correct: "О экзоскелете" (prepositional case). Explanation: Russian nouns must change endings to fit grammatical roles, which can be overlooked by beginners.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and education, terms like "экзоскелет" are prominently featured in biology curricula, reflecting Russia's strong emphasis on STEM fields. This word may evoke discussions of evolutionary biology, as popularized by Russian scientists like those influenced by Darwin's works translated into Russian, highlighting Russia's historical contributions to natural sciences.

Related Concepts:

• скелет (skeleton)
• энтомология (entomology)
• хитин (chitin)