Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'exclaim'

English Word: exclaim

Key Russian Translations:

• восклицать [vɐsklʲiˈt͡sʲtʲ] - [Verb, Formal]
• выкрикнуть [vɨˈkrʲiknʊtʲ] - [Verb, Informal, Used in sudden or emphatic contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in literary and conversational Russian, but not everyday slang)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires understanding of verb conjugations and phonetic challenges for English speakers)

Pronunciation (Russian):

восклицать: [vɐsklʲiˈt͡sʲtʲ]

выкрикнуть: [vɨˈkrʲiknʊtʲ]

Note on восклицать: The soft sign (ь) affects pronunciation, making the 'ц' sound softer and more palatalized; pay attention to the stress on the third syllable.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

To express something suddenly and emphatically

Translation(s) & Context:

• восклицать - Used in formal writing or speech to describe shouting out words in surprise or excitement, often in narratives.
• выкрикнуть - Informal equivalent, applied in everyday conversations for abrupt exclamations, such as in arguments or surprises.

Usage Examples:

• Она воскликнула от удивления, увидев старого друга. (Ona vosklicnula ot udivleniya, uvidev starogo druga.)

  She exclaimed in surprise upon seeing her old friend.

• Он выкрикнул имя ребенка, чтобы привлечь внимание. (On vykriknul imya rebenka, chtoby privlechat' vnimanie.)

  He exclaimed the child's name to get attention.

• В толпе люди восклицали лозунги во время митинга. (V tolpe lyudi vosklicnuli lozungi vo vremya mitinga.)

  In the crowd, people exclaimed slogans during the rally.

• Девушка выкрикнула вопрос, не дожидаясь очереди. (Devushka vykriknula vopros, ne dozhidayas' ocheredi.)

  The girl exclaimed a question without waiting her turn.

• Актер воскликнул последнюю строку с большой страстью. (Akter vosklicnul poslednyuyu stroku s bol'shoy strast'yu.)

  The actor exclaimed the final line with great passion.

To convey strong emotion through words

Translation(s) & Context:

• восклицать - In emotional or literary contexts, emphasizing the act of speaking out loud with feeling.

Usage Examples:

• Поэт воскликнул: "Свобода или смерть!" в своем выступлении. (Poet vosklicnul: "Svoboda ili smert'!" v svoyem vystuplenii.)

  The poet exclaimed: "Freedom or death!" in his speech.

• Мать выкрикнула имя сына, услышав новости. (Mat' vykriknula imya syna, uslyshav novosti.)

  The mother exclaimed her son's name upon hearing the news.

• Друзья воскликнули от радости, увидев друг друга. (Drug'i vosklicnuli ot radosti, uvidev drug druga.)

  Friends exclaimed in joy upon seeing each other.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both "восклицать" and "выкрикнуть" are verbs. Russian verbs inflect based on tense, aspect, mood, person, and number. "Восклицать" is an imperfective verb, while "выкрикнуть" is perfective.

Note: These verbs do not change irregularly but follow standard patterns for first conjugation verbs.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • кричать (kričatʲ) - More general for shouting, often louder and less controlled.
  • вопить (vopitʲ) - Implies a higher pitch, used for screaming or yelling.
• Antonyms:
  • шептать (šepatʲ) - To whisper, the opposite in volume.
  • молчать (molčatʲ) - To be silent, complete absence of sound.

Related Phrases:

• Воскликнуть от боли (Vosklicnutʲ ot boli) - To exclaim in pain; used for sudden expressions of discomfort.
• Выкрикнуть приказ (Vykriknutʲ prikaz) - To shout out an order; common in military or urgent situations.
• Восклицать с восторгом (Vosklicatʲ s vostorgom) - To exclaim with delight; expresses joy or admiration.

Usage Notes:

"Exclaim" corresponds most closely to "восклицать" in formal contexts, such as literature or public speaking, while "выкрикнуть" is better for informal, everyday scenarios. Be mindful of the aspect: use imperfective "восклицать" for ongoing actions and perfective "выкрикнуть" for completed ones. In Russian, these verbs often pair with adverbs like "громко" (loudly) to enhance meaning. Choose based on the desired emphasis and context to avoid sounding unnatural.

Common Errors:

• Mistaking the aspect: English speakers might use "восклицать" when a perfective form is needed, e.g., saying "Я восклицаю" instead of "Я выкрикну" for a sudden action. Correct: Use "выкрикнуть" for one-time events.
• Overusing in formal writing: Beginners might apply "выкрикнуть" in essays where "восклицать" is more appropriate. Error example: "Президент выкрикнул речь" (incorrect for a planned speech); Correct: "Президент воскликнул речь".
• Pronunciation slip: Confusing the soft sign, leading to "vasklitsit" instead of [vɐsklʲiˈt͡sʲtʲ], which alters the word's clarity.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, exclaiming words is common in expressive storytelling or during emotional events like festivals or protests. For instance, in Russian literature (e.g., by Pushkin), characters often "восклицают" to convey passion, reflecting the language's emphasis on dramatic expression in art and daily life.

Related Concepts:

• крик (krik) - Shout
• вздох (vzdoĥ) - Sigh
• шепот (šepot) - Whisper