Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'enlistment'

English Word: enlistment

Key Russian Translations:

• вербовка (/vʲɪrˈbo(f)kə/) - [Formal, Military Context]
• зачисление (/zəʂɨsˈlʲenʲjə/) - [Formal, General Enrollment]

Frequency: Medium (Common in military or administrative discussions but not everyday casual speech)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of basic noun declensions and contextual vocabulary)

Pronunciation (Russian):

вербовка: /vʲɪrˈbo(f)kə/

зачисление: /zəʂɨsˈlʲenʲjə/

Note on вербовка: The 'в' sound is palatalized, which can be challenging for English speakers; stress on the second syllable. Variations may occur in rapid speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Primary Meaning: The act of enlisting or signing up, especially in the military.

Translation(s) & Context:

• вербовка - Used in formal military or recruitment contexts, such as joining the armed forces.
• зачисление - Applied in broader enrollment scenarios, like registering for an organization or program.

Usage Examples:

• Вербовка в армию проходит ежегодно в весенний призыв. (Vervovka v armiyu prokhodit yezhegodno v vesenniy prizyv.)

  Military enlistment takes place annually during the spring draft.

• Его вербовка в спецподразделение была добровольной. (Yego vervovka v spetspodrazdeleniye byla dobrovol'noy.)

  His enlistment into the special unit was voluntary.

• Зачисление в университет требует подачи документов. (Zaschisleniye v universitet trebuyet podachi dokumentov.)

  Enlistment into the university requires submitting documents.

• После вербовки новобранцы проходят интенсивную подготовку. (Posle vervovki novobrantzy prokhodyat intensivnuyu podgotovku.)

  After enlistment, new recruits undergo intensive training.

• Зачисление в клуб произошло на основе рекомендаций. (Zaschisleniye v klub proizoslo na osnove rekomendatsiy.)

  Enlistment into the club was based on recommendations.

Secondary Meaning: Formal registration or inclusion in a list or group.

Translation(s) & Context:

• зачисление - Common in administrative or educational settings, emphasizing official entry.

Usage Examples:

• Зачисление в реестр кандидатов заняло несколько дней. (Zaschisleniye v reestr kandidatov zanyalo neskolko dney.)

  Enlistment into the candidate registry took a few days.

• Её зачисление в команду было подтверждено тренером. (Yeyo zaschisleniye v komandu bylo podtverzhdeno trenerom.)

  Her enlistment into the team was confirmed by the coach.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both primary translations are feminine nouns. "Вербовка" follows standard first-declension patterns, while "Зачисление" is a neuter noun with its own inflections. Below is a table outlining key inflections:

Note: These nouns do not change in gender but follow regular declension rules with no irregularities.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • призыв (/prʲiˈzɨv/) - Often used interchangeably for military drafts; implies obligation.
  • рекрутирование (/rʲɪkruˈtʲirəvənʲjə/) - More formal, emphasizing active recruitment processes.
• Antonyms:
  • увольнение (/uˈvolʲnʲenʲjə/) - Demobilization or discharge from service.
  • исключение (/ɪsklʲuˈʧenʲjə/) - Exclusion or removal from a list or group.

Related Phrases:

• Вербовка в армию - Enlistment into the army; commonly used in military contexts.
• Зачисление на службу - Enlistment into service; refers to official registration for duty.
• Добровольная вербовка - Voluntary enlistment; highlights non-mandatory participation.

Usage Notes:

"Вербовка" is the most precise translation for "enlistment" in a military sense and is typically used in formal or official contexts, whereas "зачисление" is broader and applies to non-military enrollment. English speakers should note that Russian nouns like these decline based on case, so always adjust for grammar (e.g., use genitive for possession). Choose "вербовка" for contexts involving recruitment drives, and "зачисление" for administrative processes. Be mindful of the formal tone; these words are rarely used in casual conversation.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "вербовка" in non-military contexts, e.g., saying "вербовка в школу" instead of "зачисление в школу". Correct: "Зачисление" is more appropriate for school enrollment. Explanation: This confuses the military-specific connotation of "вербовка", leading to unnatural language.

• Error: Forgetting to decline the noun, e.g., using "вербовка" in dative case as "вербовка" instead of "вербовке". Correct: Adjust to "вербовке в случае" (in the case of enlistment). Explanation: Russian requires case agreement, which English learners often overlook, resulting in grammatical errors.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, "вербовка" often evokes historical contexts like the Soviet-era military drafts, symbolizing national duty and patriotism. It carries a sense of obligation tied to Russia's history of compulsory service, which can differ from voluntary enlistment models in English-speaking countries.

Related Concepts:

• призывник
• рекрут
• мобилизация