Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'excitable'

English Word: excitable

Key Russian Translations:

• Возбудимый [vəzbʊˈdʲimɨj] - [Formal, often used in psychological or scientific contexts]
• Легковозбудимый [lʲɪɡkəvəzbʊˈdʲimɨj] - [Informal, descriptive, emphasizing ease of excitement]

Frequency: Low (This word is not commonly used in everyday conversation; it's more prevalent in specialized texts like psychology or literature.)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate level per CEFR; requires understanding of Russian adjectives and their inflections. For 'Возбудимый', it's B2; for 'Легковозбудимый', it may be C1 due to its compound nature.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Возбудимый: [vəzbʊˈdʲimɨj]

Note on Возбудимый: The stress falls on the third syllable ("dʲimɨj"), which can be tricky for English speakers due to the soft consonants. Pronounce it with a clear "y" sound at the end.

Легковозбудимый: [lʲɪɡkəvəzbʊˈdʲimɨj]

Note on Легковозбудимый: This is a longer word with multiple syllables; focus on the initial "lʲ" soft "l" sound, and stress on the fourth syllable ("dʲimɨj"). Common variations in casual speech may soften the vowels.

Audio: Play audio for Возбудимый [Audio player placeholder]

Audio: Play audio for Легковозбудимый [Audio player placeholder]

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Easily excited or aroused, especially emotionally or in response to stimuli.

Translation(s) & Context:

• Возбудимый - Used in formal contexts, such as describing personality traits in psychology or medical discussions.
• Легковозбудимый - Applied in informal or everyday contexts to describe someone who gets excited quickly, like in social settings.

Usage Examples:

• Он очень возбудимый и быстро реагирует на стрессовые ситуации.

  He is very excitable and reacts quickly to stressful situations.

• Эта порода собак известна как легковозбудимая, поэтому требует спокойного хозяина.

  This breed of dog is known as excitable, so it requires a calm owner.

• В детстве она была возбудимой, но с возрастом научилась контролировать эмоции.

  In childhood, she was excitable, but with age, she learned to control her emotions.

• Легковозбудимый ребенок может легко разволноваться от громкой музыки.

  An excitable child can easily get worked up from loud music.

• Возбудимый оратор зажег аудиторию своей страстной речью.

  The excitable speaker fired up the audience with his passionate speech.

Meaning 2: Prone to sudden changes or heightened sensitivity (e.g., in scientific contexts like chemistry or physics).

Translation(s) & Context:

• Возбудимый - Used in technical contexts, such as describing reactive substances or systems.

Usage Examples:

• Возбудимый элемент в химии может вызвать цепную реакцию при нагревании.

  An excitable element in chemistry can trigger a chain reaction when heated.

• В физике возбудимые частицы реагируют на внешние поля мгновенно.

  In physics, excitable particles respond instantly to external fields.

• Легковозбудимый материал используется в датчиках для быстрого обнаружения изменений.

  Excitable material is used in sensors for quick detection of changes.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both 'Возбудимый' and 'Легковозбудимый' are adjectives in Russian, which typically follow regular inflection patterns based on gender, number, and case. Russian adjectives agree with the nouns they modify and do not have irregular forms in this case.

Note: These adjectives are invariable in terms of stem changes, making them straightforward once the basic rules are learned.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Нервный (nervnyj) - Similar but implies nervousness more than excitement.
  • Вспыльчивый (vspyhlchivyj) - Emphasizes quick temper, often in emotional contexts.
• Antonyms:
  • Спокойный (spokojnyj) - Calm, the opposite of excitable.
  • Уравновешенный (uravnovehennyj) - Balanced, steady temperament.

Related Phrases:

• Быть возбудимым по натуре - To be excitable by nature; used to describe inherent personality traits.
• Легковозбудимый temperament - Excitable temperament; common in psychological discussions.
• Возбудимый ребенок в классе - An excitable child in class; refers to behavioral contexts.

Usage Notes:

In English, 'excitable' often carries a neutral or positive connotation, but in Russian, 'Возбудимый' can sound more clinical or negative, especially in formal settings. Choose 'Возбудимый' for precise, scientific translations and 'Легковозбудимый' for everyday descriptions. Be mindful of gender and case agreement when using these adjectives. For example, in sentences involving emotions, pair with nouns like 'человек' (person) and inflect accordingly. Avoid direct word-for-word translation; context is key to selecting the right term.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using 'Возбудимый' in casual conversation as a direct synonym for 'nervous', which can make it sound overly formal or medical. Correct: Opt for 'Нервный' in informal contexts. Example of error: "Он возбудимый от шума" (incorrectly implying a disorder). Correct: "Он нервный от шума" – He gets nervous from noise.

• Error: Forgetting to inflect the adjective, e.g., saying 'Возбудимый женщина' instead of 'Возбудимая женщина'. Correct: Always match gender, number, and case, as in 'Возбудимая женщина' for "excitable woman".

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, terms like 'Возбудимый' are often linked to psychological or literary discussions, influenced by 19th-century Russian literature (e.g., Dostoevsky's characters). It reflects a cultural emphasis on emotional depth and introspection, where excitability might be seen as a flaw in social settings, contrasting with the valued trait of stoicism.

Related Concepts:

• Эмоциональный (emotsionalnyj)
• Импульсивный (impulsivnyj)
• Нервозность (nervoznost')