Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'excise'

English Word: excise

Key Russian Translations:

• акциз [ˈaktsɨz] - [Formal, Noun, Refers to a tax on goods]
• вырезать [vɨˈrʲezatʲ] - [Informal, Verb, Used in contexts like surgery or editing]
• удалить [ʊdɐˈlʲitʲ] - [Neutral, Verb, General removal, such as in digital or everyday contexts]

Frequency: Medium (Common in legal, economic, and medical discussions, but not everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate for 'акциз'; B2 for verbs like 'вырезать' and 'удалить', as they involve understanding verb conjugations and contexts)

Pronunciation (Russian):

акциз: [ˈaktsɨz]

вырезать: [vɨˈrʲezatʲ] (Note on вырезать: The 'ы' sound is a hard vowel, which can be tricky for English speakers; stress on the second syllable.)

удалить: [ʊdɐˈlʲitʲ] (Note on удалить: Pay attention to the soft 'л' which affects the preceding consonant; common in tech contexts.)

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Excise as a noun (a tax on goods produced and sold within a country)

Translation(s) & Context:

• акциз - Used in formal economic or legal contexts, such as discussing government taxation on alcohol or tobacco.

Usage Examples:

• Правительство ввело новый акциз на табак, чтобы сократить курение.

  The government introduced a new excise on tobacco to reduce smoking.

• Акциз на алкогольные напитки повышает их цену в магазинах.

  The excise on alcoholic beverages increases their price in stores.

• Бизнесмены жалуются на высокий акциз, который влияет на прибыль.

  Businessmen complain about the high excise, which affects profits.

• В ежегодном отчете обсуждается реформа акциза на нефтепродукты.

  The annual report discusses the reform of the excise on petroleum products.

Meaning 2: Excise as a verb (to remove by cutting out, e.g., in surgery or editing)

Translation(s) & Context:

• вырезать - Informal, often used for physical or literal cutting, like in surgery or video editing.
• удалить - Neutral, more general for removal, including digital contexts like deleting files.

Usage Examples:

• Врачи решили вырезать опухоль, чтобы предотвратить дальнейшее распространение.

  The doctors decided to excise the tumor to prevent further spread.

• В редакторе видео я вырезаю ненужные сцены для улучшения повествования.

  In the video editor, I excise unnecessary scenes to improve the narrative.

• Программист удалил ошибочный код из проекта перед запуском.

  The programmer excised the erroneous code from the project before launch.

• Хирург аккуратно вырезает поврежденную ткань, чтобы сохранить здоровые клетки.

  The surgeon carefully excises the damaged tissue to preserve healthy cells.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

'Акциз' is a masculine noun and follows standard Russian noun declension patterns. It is invariable in the nominative singular but changes in other cases:

For verbs like 'вырезать' and 'удалить', both are imperfective verbs that conjugate regularly:

These verbs have perfective counterparts (e.g., вырезать's perfective is вырезать in some contexts, but often вырезал for past; удалить is already somewhat perfective).

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • Акциз: налог (nalog) - More general term for tax; differs by being broader.
  • Вырезать: резать (rezat') - Similar but more about general cutting; used in casual contexts.
  • Удалить: элиминировать (eliminovat') - Formal synonym, borrowed from English, for precise removal.
• Antonyms:
  • Акциз: субсидия (subsidyya) - Opposite in economic policy.
  • Вырезать: добавить (dobavit') - To add instead of remove.
  • Удалить: вставить (vstavtit') - To insert or add back.

Related Phrases:

• Акцизный сбор (aktsiznyy sbor) - Excise duty; a phrase used in tax discussions, meaning a mandatory fee on specific goods.
• Вырезать из контекста (vyrezat' iz konteksta) - To excise from context; refers to removing something from its original setting, often in editing or quotes.
• Удалить файл (udalit' fayl) - To delete a file; common in computing, emphasizing digital removal.

Usage Notes:

The English word 'excise' as a noun directly corresponds to 'акциз' in formal Russian contexts, especially in economics, but it's less common in everyday speech. For the verb form, 'вырезать' is preferred for physical actions like surgery, while 'удалить' suits abstract or digital removals. Be cautious with verb aspects: Russian verbs often require choosing between imperfective (ongoing action) and perfective (completed action). When selecting translations, consider the context—formal vs. informal—to avoid mismatches. For example, in medical texts, 'вырезать' is more precise than 'удалить'.

Common Errors:

• Confusing 'акциз' with general taxes: English learners might overuse 'налог' for 'excise', but 'акциз' specifically means an indirect tax. Error: "Я плачу налог на сигареты" (incorrect if meaning excise); Correct: "Я плачу акциз на сигареты". Explanation: 'Акциз' implies a specific type of excise tax.
• Misconjugating verbs: Forgetting to change 'вырезать' based on subject, e.g., saying "Я вырезает" instead of "Я вырезаю". Error: "Он вырезает опухоль" (correct), but learners might say "Он вырезать опухоль". Correct: Use proper conjugation. Explanation: Russian verbs must agree with the subject in person and number.

Cultural Notes:

In Russia, 'акциз' taxes are a significant part of fiscal policy, often linked to public health initiatives, such as high excises on alcohol and tobacco to discourage consumption. This reflects a cultural emphasis on state intervention in social issues, rooted in Soviet-era regulations, helping users understand the word's real-world implications beyond mere economics.

Related Concepts:

• налог
• субсидия
• операция