Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'esurience'

English Word: esurience

Key Russian Translations:

• жадность [ʐɐd.nəsʲtʲ] - [Formal, often used in contexts of excessive desire or greed]
• обжорство [ɐb.ʐɐr.st.və] - [Informal, specifically for gluttony or insatiable appetite]

Frequency: Medium (commonly encountered in literature and everyday discussions about human behavior, but not as frequent as basic vocabulary)

Difficulty: B1 (Intermediate; requires understanding of noun declensions and contextual nuances, suitable for learners with basic Russian grammar knowledge)

Pronunciation (Russian):

жадность: [ʐɐd.nəsʲtʲ]

Note on жадность: The initial 'ж' sound is a voiced palatal fricative, similar to the 's' in English 'measure'. Stress falls on the first syllable, and the ending 'ость' softens the pronunciation.

Audio: []

обжорство: [ɐb.ʐɐr.st.və]

Note on обжорство: The 'ж' sound is similar to that in 'жадность', but the word has a more emphatic stress on the second syllable; common in informal speech, with potential regional variations in vowel length.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Excessive desire for wealth, food, or material possessions (akin to greed or insatiability in English).

Translation(s) & Context:

• жадность - Used in formal or literary contexts to describe avarice, often in moral or psychological discussions.
• обжорство - Applied in informal settings, particularly for gluttony related to food, such as in casual conversations about overeating.

Usage Examples:

• Его жадность к деньгам разрушила семью.

  His esurience for money destroyed the family. (This example shows the word in a nominative case, emphasizing greed in a familial context.)

• Обжорство на празднике было очевидным для всех гостей.

  The esurience at the party was obvious to all guests. (Here, it illustrates gluttony in a social gathering, highlighting informal usage.)

• Жадность политиков часто приводит к коррупции.

  The esurience of politicians often leads to corruption. (Demonstrates the word in a plural or abstract sense, common in discussions of ethics.)

• Её обжорство заставило её переедать каждый вечер.

  Her esurience made her overeat every evening. (Shows the word in a possessive context, focusing on habitual behavior.)

• В этой сказке жадность главного героя наказывается судьбой.

  In this fairy tale, the esurience of the main character is punished by fate. (Illustrates literary usage, with the word in a narrative structure.)

Meaning 2: Insatiable appetite or craving (more metaphorical, extending beyond material greed).

Translation(s) & Context:

• жадность - In metaphorical contexts, such as an insatiable thirst for knowledge.
• обжорство - Less common here, but could imply excessive indulgence in non-food activities.

Usage Examples:

• Его жадность к знаниям сделала его великим учёным.

  His esurience for knowledge made him a great scholar. (This highlights a positive connotation in intellectual pursuits.)

• Обжорство развлечениями может привести к истощению.

  Esurience for entertainment can lead to exhaustion. (Shows extension to non-physical cravings, in a warning context.)

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Both translations are feminine nouns. жадность follows standard first-declension patterns, while обжорство is also feminine but may show irregularities in certain cases due to its root.

Note: These nouns do not change for gender but follow regular patterns; however, обжорство may vary slightly in informal dialects.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms:
  • алчность (alchnost') - Similar to жадность but with a stronger connotation of avarice.
  • неуемность (neuemnost') - Emphasizes insatiability, often in metaphorical contexts.
• Antonyms:
  • щедрость (shchedrost') - Generosity, directly opposing greed.
  • воздержанность (vozderzhannost') - Self-restraint, especially for обжорство.

Related Phrases:

• Жадность до денег - Greed for money; used to describe financial avarice in everyday contexts.
• Обжорство за столом - Gluttony at the table; a common phrase in discussions of overeating during meals.
• Неуемная жадность - Insatiable greed; highlights extreme forms of esurience in literature or psychology.

Usage Notes:

жадность is the most direct translation for 'esurience' in contexts of general greed, but it's often more neutral in Russian than in English equivalents. Use обжорство when focusing on excessive eating to avoid mistranslation. Be mindful of context: in formal writing, жадность can carry a moral judgment, while in informal speech, it's less intense. When choosing between translations, opt for жадность for abstract desires and обжорство for physical ones. Grammatically, these nouns require appropriate case agreement with prepositions (e.g., "из-за жадности" for "because of greed").

Common Errors:

• Confusing жадность with алчность: English learners might use жадность interchangeably, but алчность implies a more intense, selfish greed. Correct: "Его алчность проявилась в бизнесе" (His esurience showed in business). Error: Using жадность in the same context could understate the severity.
• Overusing обжорство for non-food contexts: Beginners might apply it metaphorically too broadly. Correct: "Его жадность к власти" (His esurience for power). Error: "Его обжорство к власти" (incorrect, as it suggests literal eating).

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture, жадность is often depicted in folktales and literature (e.g., in stories by Pushkin) as a vice that leads to downfall, reflecting historical values of communal sharing in Slavic societies. обжорство ties into cultural feasts like Maslenitsa, where excess is celebrated but also satirized, highlighting the fine line between abundance and greed in Russian traditions.

Related Concepts:

• скупость (skupost') - Stinginess or miserliness.
• чревоугодие (chrevougodie) - Gluttony in a moral or religious sense.
• амбиции (ambitsii) - Ambitions, often linked to unchecked desires.