Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'epidermis'

English Word: epidermis

Key Russian Translations:

• эпидермис [ɛpʲɪˈdɛrmʲɪs] - [Formal, used in medical and scientific contexts]

Frequency: Low (This term is specialized and primarily appears in medical, biological, or academic discussions, not in everyday conversation.)

Difficulty: Advanced (C1 or higher, as it involves technical vocabulary and requires familiarity with Russian scientific terminology.)

Pronunciation (Russian):

эпидермис: [ɛpʲɪˈdɛrmʲɪs]

Note on эпидермис: The stress falls on the third syllable ("dɛrmʲɪs"), which is common in borrowed words. Pay attention to the palatalized 'pʲ' sound, which can be challenging for English speakers.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

The outer layer of the skin in humans and animals.

Translation(s) & Context:

• эпидермис - Typically used in formal medical or biological contexts to describe the outermost layer of the skin; it is a direct borrowing from Greek via English.

Usage Examples:

• Эпидермис человека состоит из нескольких слоев клеток, которые защищают от инфекций.

  The human epidermis consists of several layers of cells that protect against infections.

• В биологии эпидермис растений выполняет функцию барьера от внешней среды.

  In biology, the epidermis of plants serves as a barrier against the external environment.

• Поражения эпидермиса могут привести к серьёзным дерматологическим проблемам.

  Damage to the epidermis can lead to serious dermatological issues.

• Исследования эпидермиса помогают понять процессы старения кожи.

  Studies of the epidermis help understand the processes of skin aging.

• Эпидермис у рептилий thicker, чем у млекопитающих, что помогает им в засушливых условиях.

  The epidermis in reptiles is thicker than in mammals, which helps them in arid conditions.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

"Эпидермис" is a masculine noun (мужской род) in Russian, borrowed from Greek and English, and it follows standard declension patterns for foreign words ending in a consonant. It is not irregular but does change based on case and number. Below is a table outlining its basic inflections:

Note: In plural forms, it is less commonly used, as "эпидермис" typically refers to a singular layer in scientific contexts. The word does not change for gender or have verbal inflections since it is a noun.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: кожный покров (a more general term for skin covering), эпителий (epithelium, in broader tissue contexts)
• Antonyms: Not directly applicable, as "эпидермис" is a specific anatomical term without a clear opposite; however, дерма (dermis) is the inner layer, providing contrast in skin structure.

Related Phrases:

• Эпидермис кожи - The epidermis of the skin; refers to the outer layer in human anatomy.
• Повреждение эпидермиса - Damage to the epidermis; commonly used in medical discussions about injuries.
• Защитный эпидермис - Protective epidermis; used in contexts like plant biology or dermatology.

Usage Notes:

This Russian translation directly corresponds to the English "epidermis" as a technical term in medicine and biology. It is strictly formal and should be used in professional or academic settings rather than casual conversation. When choosing this word, ensure the context involves anatomy; for everyday skin references, "кожа" (skin) might be more appropriate. Grammatically, as a masculine noun, it requires adjectives and verbs to agree in gender, e.g., "эпидермис является" (the epidermis is). If multiple translations exist, "эпидермис" is the most precise for scientific accuracy.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "эпидермис" in plural form incorrectly, e.g., saying "эпидермисы" when referring to a single layer. Correct: Stick to singular for most contexts, as in "эпидермис защищает" (the epidermis protects). Explanation: Russian nouns have specific plural forms, but this word is often used singularly in technical writing.

• Error: Mispronouncing the word by stressing the wrong syllable, e.g., [ɛpʲɪdɛrˈmʲɪs] instead of [ɛpʲɪˈdɛrmʲɪs]. Correct: Practice the correct IPA [ɛpʲɪˈdɛrmʲɪs] to avoid sounding unnatural. Explanation: Stress patterns in borrowed words can confuse learners, leading to comprehension issues.

• Error: Confusing it with "дерма" (dermis) in sentences, e.g., saying "эпидермис" when meaning the inner layer. Correct: Use "дерма" for the dermis. Explanation: These are related but distinct layers, and mixing them up can lead to inaccuracies in medical discussions.

Cultural Notes:

"Эпидермис" is a borrowed term with no significant cultural connotations in Russian culture, as it stems from scientific terminology. However, in Russian medical education, which has a strong tradition influenced by Western science, this word is commonly used in textbooks and lectures, reflecting Russia's emphasis on biology and health sciences in its educational system.

Related Concepts:

• дерма
• кожа
• эпителий
• гиподерма