Russian Translation(s) & Details for 'endocrine'

English Word: endocrine

Key Russian Translations:

• Эндокринный [ˌɛndəʊˈkrɪnnɨj] - [Formal, Medical term; used in scientific and medical contexts]
• Эндокринная система [ˌɛndəʊˈkrɪnnəj ˈsʲɪstʲɛmə] - [Formal, Technical; refers specifically to the system as a whole]

Frequency: Medium (Common in medical and scientific literature, but less frequent in everyday conversation)

Difficulty: B2 (Intermediate; requires familiarity with medical terminology and basic Russian adjective inflections)

Pronunciation (Russian):

Эндокринный: [ˌɛndəʊˈkrɪnnɨj]

Эндокринная система: [ˌɛndəʊˈkrɪnnəj ˈsʲɪstʲɛmə]

Note on Эндокринный: The stress falls on the third syllable ("krɪnnɨj"), and the "р" is rolled, which can be challenging for non-native speakers. Pronunciation may vary slightly in fast speech.

Audio: []

Meanings and Usage:

Meaning 1: Relating to the endocrine system, which produces hormones and regulates bodily functions.

Translation(s) & Context:

• Эндокринный - Used in formal medical contexts to describe glands or processes involving hormone secretion.
• Эндокринная система - Refers to the entire system; common in educational or diagnostic discussions.

Usage Examples:

• Эндокринная система регулирует метаболизм и рост в организме.

  The endocrine system regulates metabolism and growth in the body.

• Врачи изучают эндокринные нарушения для диагностики заболеваний.

  Doctors study endocrine disorders to diagnose diseases.

• Эндокринный баланс важен для поддержания здоровья.

  Endocrine balance is important for maintaining health.

• Щитовидная железа является частью эндокринной системы человека.

  The thyroid gland is part of the human endocrine system.

• Эндокринные гормоны влияют на эмоциональное состояние.

  Endocrine hormones affect emotional states.

Meaning 2: Pertaining to glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Translation(s) & Context:

• Эндокринный - Specifically for glands or functions, often in contrast to exocrine systems.

Usage Examples:

• Эндокринные железы, такие как надпочечники, производят адреналин.

  Endocrine glands, such as the adrenals, produce adrenaline.

• Нарушения в эндокринных функциях могут привести к ожирению.

  Disorders in endocrine functions can lead to obesity.

• Эндокринный контроль осуществляется через гипофиз.

  Endocrine control is carried out through the pituitary gland.

Russian Forms/Inflections:

Эндокринный is an adjective, which follows the standard pattern of Russian first-declension adjectives. It changes based on gender, number, and case. Эндокринная система is a noun phrase where "система" (feminine noun) inflects regularly.

For Эндокринная система, "система" inflects as: Nominative - система, Genitive - системы, etc. The word is regular and does not have irregularities.

Russian Synonyms/Antonyms:

• Synonyms: Гормональный (hormonal; similar but broader, often used interchangeably in casual medical talk)
• Antonyms: Экзокринный (exocrine; refers to glands that secrete externally)

Related Phrases:

• Эндокринные расстройства - Endocrine disorders; common in discussions of health issues.
• Нарушение эндокринной системы - Disruption of the endocrine system; used in medical diagnoses.
• Эндокринные гормоны - Endocrine hormones; refers to hormones produced by the system.

Usage Notes:

Эндокринный directly corresponds to the English "endocrine" in medical contexts, but it's more commonly used as an adjective in Russian. Prefer this term in formal or scientific writing; in everyday speech, Russians might use more general terms like "гормональный" if precision isn't needed. Be mindful of gender agreement when inflecting; for example, use "эндокринная" with feminine nouns. When choosing between translations, opt for "эндокринная система" for the full system and "эндокринный" for specific attributes.

Common Errors:

• Error: Using "эндокринный" without proper inflection, e.g., saying "эндокринный система" instead of "эндокринная система". Correct: Always match the adjective to the noun's gender and case. Explanation: Russian adjectives must agree with the nouns they modify, which is a common pitfall for English speakers used to invariant adjectives.

• Error: Confusing it with "экзокринный" (exocrine). Correct: Эндокринный refers to internal secretion, while экзокринный is for external. Explanation: This mix-up can lead to misunderstandings in biology or medicine; double-check the context.

Cultural Notes:

In Russian culture and medicine, discussions around the endocrine system often tie into broader health trends, such as the prevalence of thyroid issues in certain regions due to environmental factors. This reflects a cultural emphasis on holistic health in post-Soviet societies, where endocrine-related conditions are frequently linked to historical factors like diet and pollution.

Related Concepts:

• Гормональный
• Щитовидная железа
• Гипофиз